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dc.contributor.author | Nambala, Fred Joe![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Nel, Jacqueline Margot![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Machatine, Augusto Gonçalo Jose![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Mwakikunga, Bonex W.![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Njoroge, Eric Gitau![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Maabong, Kelebogile![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Das, Arran G.M.![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Diale, M. (Mmantsae Moche)![]() |
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dc.date.accessioned | 2016-08-11T15:37:16Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016-01 | |
dc.description.abstract | This paper reports on the deposition of pure and 5 at.% Al doped ZnO (AZO) prepared by sol-gel and applied to the substrates by spin-coating, and the role of annealing temperature on the crystallinity of these layers. It is found that both ZnO and AZO are largely amorphous when coated on glass compared to n-Si(111), as substrates. On both substrates, X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the crystallinity improves as annealing temperature is raised from 200 to 600 °C with better crystallinity on Si substrates. The thickness of the films on substrates was determined as 120 nm by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Specular ultra-violet visible (UV-vis) gives the direct transition optical band gaps (Eg) for AZO as-deposited films are 2.60 and 3.35 eV while that of 600 °C annealed films are 3.00 and 3.60 eV. The Eg calculated from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) UV-vis are more diverse in ZnO- and AZO-Si than the ZnO- and AZO-glass samples, although in both sets the Eg tend to converge after annealing 600 °C. The Raman spectra of samples show multiphonon processes of higher order from the AZO and substrates. It is found that residual stresses are related to E2 Raman mode. | en_ZA |
dc.description.department | Physics | en_ZA |
dc.description.embargo | 2017-01-31 | |
dc.description.librarian | hb2016 | en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship | University of Pretoria, the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), Project #79177; National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Project #10168; and Energy and Environmental Research group (EERG) of the University of Zambia. | en_ZA |
dc.description.uri | http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-b-condensed-matter | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation | Nambala, FJ, Nel, JM, Machatine, AGJ, Mwakikunga, BW, Njoroge, EG, Maabong, K, Das, AGM, & Diale, MM 2016, 'Role of substrate and annealing temperature on the structure of ZnO and AlxZn1-xO thin films for solar cell applications', Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 480, pp. 72-79. | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn | 0921-4526 (print) | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1873-2135 (online) | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.1016/j.physb.2015.09.022 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56286 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_ZA |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_ZA |
dc.rights | © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Physica B : Consensed Matter. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Physica B : Consensed Matter, vol. 480, pp. 72-79, 2016. doi : 10.1016/j.physb.2015.09.022. | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Annealing | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Raman spectroscopy | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Spin-coating | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Substrate | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Sol-gel | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Al doped ZnO (AZO) | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Ultra-violet visible (UV-vis) | en_ZA |
dc.title | Role of substrate and annealing temperature on the structure of ZnO and AlxZn1-xO thin films for solar cell applications | en_ZA |
dc.type | Postprint Article | en_ZA |