Interpretasiereël in die Suid-Afrikaanse kontraktereg (Deel 1)
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Date
Authors
Bekker, P.M. (Petrus Thino)
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SUN MeDIA
Abstract
Die ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël in die Suid-Afrikaanse kontraktereg bestaan uit twee
verskillende onderafdelings. Die een onderafdeling handel met die mate waarin ’n
skriftelike kontrak as die enigste uiteensetting van sy bedinge (“sole memorial of its
terms”) beskou kan word, waarna daar in hierdie artikel as die “integrasiereël” verwys
word. Nou verwant aan die integrasiereël is die sogenaamde “interpretasiereël”. Die
eng definisie van hierdie reël bepaal dat geen getuienis aangebied mag word om
die duidelike en ondubbelsinnige betekenis van ’n ooreenkoms, hetsy mondeling
of skriftelik, te verander nie. Daar is egter ook ’n wyer definisie wat aan die
interpretasiereël toegedig kan word, naamlik dat dit bepaal wanneer en tot watter
mate ekstrinsieke getuienis aangewend mag word om die bewoording van ’n kontrak
te verduidelik of te verander. In die voorafgaande aantal dekades of so het daar ’n
ontwikkeling plaasgevind in die toepassing van die interpretasiereël in die Suid-
Afrikaanse kontraktereg vanaf ’n streng formalistiese tekstuele benadering tot en
met ’n meer liberale kontekstuele benadering op grond waarvan meer ekstrinsieke
getuienis toelaatbaar is om die skriftelike kontrak van die partye uit te lê. In die
eerste deel van hierdie artikel sal die subjektiewe en objektiewe benaderings
tot uitleg gekontrasteer word en sal daar ’n kortlikse bespreking wees van die
geskiedkundige agtergrond van die interpretasiereël. Daar sal vervolgens ’n kritiese
analise van die ontwikkeling, en die huidige toepassing van die interpretasiereël in
die Suid-Afrikaanse kontraktereg plaasvind.
The parol evidence rule in the South African law of contract consists of two different subrules. The one subrule deals with the extent to which a written contract may be regarded as the sole memorial of its terms and will be referred to as the “integration rule” in this article. Closely related to the integration rule is the socalled “interpretation rule”. The narrow definition of this rule entails that no evidence may be adduced to alter the clear and unambigious meaning of a written or verbal agreement. There is, however, also a wider definition that may be attributed to the interpretation rule, namely that it entails when and to what extent extrinsic evidence may be adduced to explain or alter the wording of a contract. In the past decades, there has been a development in the application of the interpretation rule in the South African law of contract from a strict formalistic textual approach to a more liberal contextual approach in terms of which more extrinsic evidence is allowed in order to interpret the written contract between the parties. In the first part of this article, the subjective and objective approaches to interpretation will be contrasted and the historical background of the interpretation rule will be briefly discussed. There will also be a critical analysis of the development and current application of the interpretation rule in the South African law of contract.
The parol evidence rule in the South African law of contract consists of two different subrules. The one subrule deals with the extent to which a written contract may be regarded as the sole memorial of its terms and will be referred to as the “integration rule” in this article. Closely related to the integration rule is the socalled “interpretation rule”. The narrow definition of this rule entails that no evidence may be adduced to alter the clear and unambigious meaning of a written or verbal agreement. There is, however, also a wider definition that may be attributed to the interpretation rule, namely that it entails when and to what extent extrinsic evidence may be adduced to explain or alter the wording of a contract. In the past decades, there has been a development in the application of the interpretation rule in the South African law of contract from a strict formalistic textual approach to a more liberal contextual approach in terms of which more extrinsic evidence is allowed in order to interpret the written contract between the parties. In the first part of this article, the subjective and objective approaches to interpretation will be contrasted and the historical background of the interpretation rule will be briefly discussed. There will also be a critical analysis of the development and current application of the interpretation rule in the South African law of contract.
Description
Keywords
Suid-Afrikaanse kontraktereg, Parol evidence rule, South African law of contract, Ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël, Integrasiereël, Interpretasiereël, Integration rule, Interpretation rule
Sustainable Development Goals
Citation
Bekker, T 2016, 'Interpretasiereel in die Suid-Afrikaanse kontraktereg (Deel 1)', Journal for Juridical Science / Tydskrif Vir Regswetenskap, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 99-129.