Abstract:
Open spaces are an integral part of past urban settlement worldwide. Often large and devoid of visible
traces of past activities, these spaces challenge mainstream archaeological approaches to develop
methodologies suitable to investigate their history. This study uses geophysical survey, geochemical
sampling and artifact distributions to examine open spaces at the Swahili stonetown of Songo Mnara,
Tanzania. Initial, magnetic susceptibility survey revealed a set of anomalies associated with activities
across the open spaces at the site; a systematic soil/sediment sampling program was applied to map
artifact and geochemical distributions across these areas. These data provided a means to distinguish a
‘public space’ at the site: correlations were found between anomalies, daub, certain chemical elements
(Fe, P, K, Mn) while areas without anomaliesdthe ‘public space’dcorrelated with more fragmented
ceramics and other chemical elements (Ca, Na, Mg, Sr). The integrated methodological framework
developed at Songo Mnara offers a new way to define areas that may have functioned as ‘public spaces’
as well as possible activities that were carried out in them. The results suggest that open spaces at this
Swahili site contained defined and protected public areas where small-scale production may have
occurred.
