Abstract:
Basin classification rests on a plate tectonic foundation, highlighting lithospheric substrate, proximity to
plate margin and relative motion of the nearest plate boundary. Major mechanisms for regional subsidence and uplift
are subdivided into isostatic, flexural and dynamic groups. Basin-forming mechanisms and basin types do not
exhibit simple cause-and-effect relationships, but rather reflect a matrix-type relationship. Different basin types have
different spans of existence, with generally shorter life spans related to more tectonically active settings. Many
‘polyhistory’ basins, composed of two or more megasequences, reflect a long evolution dominated by different
basin-forming and basin-modifying mechanisms. The supercontinent cycle is marked by distinct sets of basin types,
developed during successive phases of the cycle. Major classification schemes are reviewed briefly, before
surveying the range of basin types represented in the Proterozoic of several key cratonic areas. Basins examined
encompass almost the entire Neoarchaean – Neoproterozoic period. All these basins have a relatively long history of
preservation, which can be tied to the essentially continental character of their basement rocks and concomitant
enhanced “survivability”. Their preservation thus underlines the longevity and inherent stability of the continental
lithosphere. The distinction between basin occurrence over geological time and preferential preservation is
important when viewing the geological record.
