Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to identify unique features of the normal osteology and radiologic
anatomy of the thoracic limb of the meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta), as no comprehensive information has
been published. Bone specimens of 19 suricates were studied. Individual bones of the manus of one preserved
carcass were studied in situ. Radiographic evaluation was performed in six animals. Comparisons to domestic
carnivores were made and functional morphologic changes were identified. A suprahamate process was present on
the scapula spine. Both supratrochlear and supracondylar foramina were present in the distal humerus, with a
small Fossa coronoidea seen cranially. The medial epicondyle was markedly larger than the lateral epicondyle.
The Tuberositas radii was located caudally. The proximal end of the olecranon was prominent medially. The large
medial coronoid process had an extensive proximal articulation facet for the humeral trochlea. The ulna styloid
process articulated with the ulnar and accessory carpal bones. The manus was similar to that of domestic
carnivores; however, Os metacarpalis I was markedly reduced with the absence of the first digit. There were seven
carpal bones. Os carpi radiale was the largest, with a large palmaro-medial process and a small sesamoid bone
present medially. Ossa metacarpalia II–V and corresponding phalanges were slender, with an elongated Processus
unguicularis (third phalanx) present. Radiologic findings demonstrated increased mobility of the scapula and
shoulder joint, with ease of abduction. On the cranio-caudal view of the humerus and elbow joint, the distal radius
and manus were consistently rotated in a supinated position. Morphologic changes were identified for the
enhanced, predominant function of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, and digital flexor muscles associated with superior
digging ability, and supination of the antebrachium and manus. Reference values for size parameters of the long
bones are reported. The findings will assist in clinical zoologic medicine and paleozoologic studies.
