The majority of the world’s most widespread and problematic pathogens evade host immune responses by inducing strain-specific immunity. The host immune system seems to induce a vigorous immune response towards hypervariable ...

Secreted proteins offer the potential to reduce purification cost to enzyme and therapeutic proteins. While many bacterial transport signal sequences have been tested, few have been used across species. This study explores ...

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Over the past few years, the use of enzymes as catalysts for the preparation of novel organic molecules has received a steadily increasing amount of attention. Lipolytic enzymes are widely distributed in nature and attract ...

Biofilms are bacterial communities that adhere to biotic and abiotc surfaces, and are embedded in a polymeric matrix composed mainly of polysaccharides and proteins. Not only are biofilms a public health problem, but they ...

Reporter gene technology has facilitated greatly the analysis of gene expression and the study of individual promoters and their regulation. Although various reporter gene systems are available, none of them are universally ...

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Regulated expression of heterologous genes is important for both basic research and practical applications. In addition to Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis is regarded as an appropriate host for heterologous gene ...

African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a member of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae and is the causative agent of African horse sickness (AHS), an acute disease in horses with a high mortality rate. AHSV ...

African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is transmitted by Culicoides spp. biting midges to horses, causing serious effusion and haemorrhage in various organs and tissues, but is asymptomatic in the insect host. Likewise, ...