Browsing Natural and Agricultural Sciences by Title

Browsing Natural and Agricultural Sciences by Title

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  • How many bird and mammal extinctions has recent conservation action prevented? 
    Bolam, Friederike C.; Mair, Louise; Angelico, Marco; Brooks, Thomas M.; Burgman, Mark; Hermes, Claudia; Hoffmann, Michael; Martin, Rob W.; McGowan, Philip J.K.; Rodrigue, Ana S.L.; Rondinin, Carlo; Westrip, James R.S.; Wheatley, Hannah; Bedolla-Guzmán, Yuliana; Calzada, Javier; Child, Matthew F.; Cranswick, Peter A.; Dickman, Christopher R.; Fessl, Birgit; Fisher, Diana; Garnett, Stephen T.; Groombridge, Jim J.; Johnson, Christopher N.; Kennerley, Rosalind J.; King, Sarah R.B.; Lamoreux, John F.; Lees, Alexander C.; Lens, Luc; Mahood, Simon P.; Mallon, David P.; Meijaard, Erik; Mendez-Sanchez, Federico; Percequillo, Alexandre Reis; Regan, Tracey J.; Renjifo, Luis Miguel; Rivers, Malin C.; Roach, Nicolette S.; Roxburgh, Lizanne; Safford, Roger J.; Salaman, Paul; Squires, Tom; Vazquez-Dominguez, Ella; Visconti, Piero; Woinarski, John C.Z.; Young, Richard P.; Butchar, Stuart H.M. (Wiley Open Access, 2021-01)
    Aichi Target 12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) contains the aim to ‘prevent extinctions of known threatened species’. To measure the degree to which this was achieved, we used expert elicitation to ...
  • How methylglyoxal kills bacteria : an ultrastructural study 
    Rabie, E.; Serem, June Cheptoo; Oberholzer, Hester Magdalena; Gaspar, Anabella Regina Marques; Bester, Megan Jean (Taylor and Francis, 2016-03)
    Antibacterial activity of honey is due to the presence of methylglyoxal (MGO), H2O2, bee defensin as well as polyphenols. High MGO levels in manuka honey are the main source of antibacterial activity. Manuka honey has ...
  • How might intensification of farming influence dung beetle diversity (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Maputo Special Reserve (Mozambique)? 
    Jacobs, Carmen Tina; Scholtz, Clarke H.; Escobar, Federico; Davis, Adrian L.V. (Springer, 2010-02)
    There are concerns over the increasing encroachment of humans, domestic livestock, and farming onto Maputo Special Reserve because of the potential for habitat modification. Therefore, differences between an undisturbed ...
  • How much time does it take to supervise a PhD student? 
    Wingfield, Brenda D. (AOSIS Open Journals, 2012)
    In a commentary published in this journal in 2010, I wrote that it might be reasonable to suggest that it takes 10 000 hours to complete a PhD. I have had a generally positive response to this suggestion and my colleagues ...
  • How often should dead‑reckoned animal movement paths be corrected for drift? 
    Gunner, Richard M.; Holton, Mark D.; Scantlebury, David M.; Hopkins, Phil; Shepard, Emily L.C.; Fell, Adam J.; Garde, Baptiste; Quintana, Flavio; Gomez‑Laich, Agustina; Yoda, Ken; Yamamoto, Takashi; English, Holly; Ferreira, Sam; Govender, Danny; Viljoen, Pauli; Bruns, Angela; Van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis; Cole, Nik C.; Tatayah, Vikash; Borger, Luca; Redcliffe, James; Bell, Stephen H.; Marks, Nikki J.; Bennett, Nigel Charles; Tonini, Mariano H.; Williams, Hannah J.; Duarte, Carlos M.; Van Rooyen, Martin C.; Bertelsen, Mads F.; Tambling, Craig J.; Wilson, Rory P. (BMC, 2021-10-16)
    BACKGROUND : Understanding what animals do in time and space is important for a range of ecological questions, however accurate estimates of how animals use space is challenging. Within the use of animal-attached tags, ...
  • How reduced excitonic coupling enhances light harvesting in the main photosynthetic antennae of diatoms 
    Kruger, T.P.J. (Tjaart); Malý, Pavel; Alexandre, Maxime T.A.; Mančal, Tomáš; Büchel, Claudia; Van Grondelle, Rienk (National Academy of Sciences, 2017-12)
    Strong excitonic interactions are a key design strategy in photosynthetic light harvesting, expanding the spectral cross-section for light absorption and creating considerably faster and more robust excitation energy ...
  • How stable is the tuft structure of a mesic Drakensberg grassland under various burning regimes? 
    Everson, Terry M.; Everson, Colin Stuart; Morris, Craig D. (NISC (Pty) Ltd and Informa UK Limited (trading as Taylor & Francis Group), 2021)
    Management options to maintain the stability of Drakensberg grasslands need to incorporate their dynamic nature in response to fire. This study addressed the lack of information on the spatial and temporal changes of these ...
  • How the cobra got its flesh-eating venom : cytotoxicity as a defensive innovation and its co-evolution with hooding, aposematic marking, and spitting 
    Panagides, Nadya; Jackson, Timothy N.W.; Ikonomopoulou, Maria P.; Arbuckle, Kevin; Pretzler, Rudolf; Yang, Daryl C.; Ali, Syed A.; Koludarov, Ivan; Dobson, James; Sanker, Brittany; Asselin, Angelique; Santana, Renan C.; Hendrikx, Iwan; Van der Ploeg, Harold; Tai-A-Pin, Jeremie; Van den Bergh, Romilly; Kerkkamp, Harald M.I.; Vonk, Freek J.; Naude, Arno; Strydom, Morne A.; Jacobsz, Louis; Dunstan, Nathan; Jaeger, Marc; Hodgson, Wayne C.; Miles, John; Fry, Bryan G. (MDPI Publishing, 2017-03-13)
    The cytotoxicity of the venom of 25 species of Old World elapid snake was tested and compared with the morphological and behavioural adaptations of hooding and spitting. We determined that, contrary to previous assumptions, ...
  • How the freshwater biodiversity information system (FBIS) is supporting national freshwater fish conservation decisions in South Africa 
    Kajee, Mohammed; Henry, Dominic A.W.; Dallas, Helen F.; Griffiths, Charles L.; Pegg, Josephine; Van der Colff, Dewidine; Impson, Dean; Chakona, Albert; Raimondo, Domitilla C.; Job, Nancy M.; Paxton, Bruce R.; Jordaan, Martine S.; Bills, Roger; Roux, Francois; Zengeya, Tsungai Alfred; Hoffman, Andre; Rivers-Moore, Nick; Shelton, Jeremy M. (Frontiers Media, 2023-03-22)
    In South Africa, anthropogenic pressures such as water over-abstraction, invasive species impacts, land-use change, pollution, and climate change have caused widespread deterioration of the health of river ecosystems. ...
  • How the International Research Institute for Climate and Society has contributed towards seasonal climate forecast modelling and operations in South Africa 
    Landman, Willem Adolf (SpringerOpen Journal, 2014-06)
    The production of seasonal forecasts on a routine basis in South Africa started in the early 1990s. Most of the modelling then was based on linear statistical approaches. The subsequent evolution of the seasonal forecasting ...
  • How the Least Effort Principle governs human reasoning and behaviour 
    Gries, Werner Hugo; University of Pretoria. Dept. of Physics (The Author, 2016-11)
  • How to describe and measure phenology? An investigation on the diversity of metrics using phenology of births in large herbivores 
    Thel, Lucie; Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon; Bonenfant, Christophe (Wiley, 2022-04)
    Proposed in 1849 by Charles Morren to depict periodical phenomena governed by seasons, the term ‘phenology' has spread in many fields of biology. With the wide adoption of the concept of phenology flourished a large number ...
  • How to halt the global decline of lands 
    Willemen, Louise; Barger, Nichole N.; Ten Brink, Ben; Cantele, Matthew; Erasmus, Barend Frederik Nel; Fisher, Judith L.; Gardner, Toby; Holland, Timothy G.; Kohler, Florent; Kotiaho, Janne S.; Von Maltitz, Graham P.; Nangendo, Grace; Pandit, Ram; Parrotta, John A.; Potts, Matthew D.; Prince, Stephen D.; Sankaran, Mahesh; Brainich, Anastasia; Montanarella, Luca; Scholes, Robert (Nature Research, 2020-03)
    The assessment of land degradation and restoration by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services shows that land degradation across the globe is a wide and severe issue and is ...
  • How to manage travel fatigue and jet lag in athletes? A systematic review of interventions 
    Janse van Rensburg, Dina Christina; Jansen van Rensburg, Audrey; Fowler, Peter; Fullagar, Hugh; Stevens, David; Halson, Shona; Bender, Amy; Vincent, Grace; Claassen-Smithers, Amanda; Dunican, Ian; Roach, Gregory Daniel; Sargent, Charli; Lastella, Michelle; Cronje, Tanita (BMJ Publishing Group, 2020-08)
    OBJECTIVES : We investigated the management of travel fatigue and jet lag in athlete populations by evaluating studies that have applied non-pharmacological interventions (exercise, sleep, light and nutrition), and ...
  • How to transform Africa’s food system 
    Ogega, Obed M.; Korsten, Lise; Oti-Boateng, Peggy; Odongo, Dorine; Thorn, Jessica (Nature Research, 2024-02)
    In 2021, one in five people in Africa was affected by hunger, and the continent had the highest prevalence of undernourished people globally. We argue that food systems in Africa can be more resilient if their development ...
  • How to weigh an elephant seal with one finger : a simple three-dimensional photogrammetric application 
    De Bruyn, P.J. Nico; Bester, Marthan Nieuwoudt; Carlini, Alejandro R.; Oosthuizen, Wessel Christiaan (Inter-Research, 2009-03)
    Several studies have developed photogrammetric techniques for indirect mass estimation of seals. Unfortunately, these techniques are often narrowly delineated for specific field scenarios or species. Many require ...
  • How transaction costs influence cattle marketing decisions in the Northern Communal Areas of Namibia 
    De Bruyn, P.; De Bruyn, J.N.; Vink, Nick; Kirsten, Johann F. (Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa, 2001-09)
    In this article a non-linear dynamic model is applied to determine the influence of transaction costs on the marketing decisions of cattle owners in the Northern Communal Areas of Namibia. The article tests the hypothesis ...
  • How unique is unique? Quantifying geometric differences in stripe patterns of Cape mountain zebra, Equus zebra zebra (Perissodactyla: Equidae) 
    Prinsloo, Nicolas Derek; Postma, Martin; De Bruyn, P.J. Nico (Oxford University Press, 2021-02)
    Please read abstract in the article.
  • How “science” can facilitate the politicization of charismatic megafauna counts 
    Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Elliot, Nicholas B.; Ngene, Shadrack; Broekhuis, Femke; Braczkowski, Alexander; Lindsey, Peter Andrew; Packer, Craig; Stenseth, Nils Chr. (National Academy of Sciences, 2022-05)
    Ideally, the practice of science stays independent, informs policy in real time, and facilitates learning. However, when large uncertainties go unreported or are not effectively communicated, science can, inadvertently, ...
  • HPLC and colourimetric quantification of shikimic acid levels in crops after glyphosate treatment 
    Bestbier, Johannes Botha (University of Pretoria, 2016)
    The shikimic acid pathway is one of the major biosynthetic pathways in higher plants responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and multiple secondary metabolites, ...