Chronic heart failure is common, debilitating, and often the culmination of pervasive cardiovascular insults that systematically undermine the heart’s circulatory capacity and invoke counterproductive neuro-hormonal ...

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a primary complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a direct manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Examining the effects of metformin use on PN status became imperative following ...