Adolessente selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag : 'n pastoraal narratiewe beskouing (Afrikaans)

Abstract

Afrikaans: In hierdie navorsingstuk en proefskrif word die probleem van adolessente selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag binne ‘n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese paradigma met die klem op ‘n pastoraal narratiewe terapeutiese benadering ondersoek. Met hierdie doelstelling voor oë word die verhale van adolessente met selfmoordgedrag aangehoor en in gesprek gebring met literêre verhale oor adolessente, selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag. Hierdie studie soek terselfdertyd na 'n gepaste terapeutiese werkswyse deur middel waarvan daar met hierdie tieners in interaktiewe verhoudings getree kan word. In die terapeutiese proses wat uit hierdie wedersydse samewerking ontwikkel, kan daar aan hulle betekenisvolle berading verleen word. In die sensitiewe interaksie tussen die vertel van en luister na noodverhale word dit progressief duidelik dat adolessente selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag spruit uit ‘n integrasie van oorkoepelende komplekse omstandighede en verhale wat in negatiewe wisselwerking ten opsigte van mekaar staan. Die noodwendige gevolg hiervan is ‘n gevoel van sinloosheid en gevangenheid in die lewe wat uitloop op selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag. • Die algemene tendens is om adolessente te tipeer as "blote tieners". Hierdie kategorisering het tot gevolg dat alle adolessente as gesamentlike groep hanteer word. Met in agneming van die verskillende adolessente se verhale, blyk dit duidelik dat die individu in sy uniekheid en eksentrisiteit totaal binne hierdie tiperingsraamwerk verdwyn. Die narratiewe benadering tot en beskouing van adolessente selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag skep ‘n onbevooroordeelde platvorm waarop elke unieke lewensverhaal van die individu aangehoor kan word. • Normaalweg vra ouers vrae oor die rede of motief waardeur die adolessent tot ‘n selfmoordpoging gedryf is. Hulle aanvaar summier dat slegs een gebeurtenis die oorsaak of probleem kan vaspen. Hierdie studie toon aan dat dit ‘n kumulatiewe opeenhoping van oorsake is wat uiteindelik tot so ‘n desperate poging of daad aanleiding gee. Die narratiewe benadering skep die ruimte vir die aanhoor van die individueel unieke verhaal binne die vervlegte verhale. • Die invloed van die groter samelewingsdiskoers ("grand narrative") is ook ‘n aspek wat in die studie uitgelig word as ‘n besonders bydraende faktor tot adolessente selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag. Die pastoraal narratiewe beskouing van adolessente selfmoord en selfmoordgedrag het nie al die antwoorde nie, maar stel ten slotte die vraag na die begrip selfmoord aan die orde. Is dit "self” en is dit "moord"? English: In this research study and thesis the problem of adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior is examined within a social - constructionist paradigm with the emphasis on a pastoral narrative therapeutic approach. With this purpose in mind, the stories of adolescents with suicidal behavior are listened to and brought into conversation with literary tales of adolescents' suicide and suicidal behavior. At the same time the study seeks for an appropriate therapeutic approach by means of which interactive relationships can be established with these teenagers. In the therapeutic process that results from this mutual collaboration, meaningful counseling can be provided. During the sensitive interaction between the telling of and listening to stories of distress, it progressively becomes clear that adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior is a result of the integration of complex circumstances and stories that have a negative reciprocal impact on each other. • The general tendency is to label adolescents as "mere teenagers". This categorisation results in all adolescents being treated as a collective group. In consideration of the different adolescents' stories, it becomes clear that the individual uniqueness and eccentricity totally disappears within this typifying framework. The narrative approach to and contemplation of adolescent suicide and suicide behavior creates an unprejudiced platform from which each unique life-story can be listened to. • Generally parents ask questions about the reason or motive that drove an adolescent to suicide. They summarily assume that only one incident can identify the cause or problem. This study shows that it is a cumulative conglomeration of causes that eventually leads to such a desperate attempt or action. The narrative approach provides a wide scope for listening to each unique story within the interwoven stories. • The influence of the greater social discourse (grand narrative) is also an aspect that is highlighted in the study as a particular contributive factor to adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. The pastoral narrative approach to adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior does not have all the answers, but concludes with the question: Is it "self' (sui) and is it "murder" (cidium)?