Supervisie in maatskaplike werk : riglyne vir die praktyk (Afrikaans)

Abstract

AFRIKAANS: Die studie handel oor bepaalde riglyne wat in die praktyk van supervisie vir maatskaplike werk aangewend kan word. Verandering en veranderde behoeftes in die moderne samelewing het tot radikale veranderings in maat¬skaplikewerk-dienslewering aanleiding gegee en verhoogde druk vir doel¬matigheid en produktiwiteit na vore laat kom. Supervisie in maatskaplike werk kan beskou word as 'n deurslaggewende komponent in die verhoging van maatskaplike werkers se produktiwiteit en die doeltreffende bestuur van ‘n welsynsorganisasie. Inligting vir die studie is nie slegs van die maatskaplikewerk-literatuur verkry nie, maar ook van ander aanverwante vakgebiede. Die studie bied nie finale en totaal volledige antwoorde vir die probleme wat in die praktyk van supervisie ervaar word nie, maar is ‘n empiries en praktyk-beproefde maatskaplikewerk-georiënteerde raamwerk wat ‘n psigodinamiese interaktiewe benadering in supervisie voorstaan. Daar is gepoog om supervisie as 'n onderrigmetode vir voortgesette oplei¬ding in maatskaplike werk te konseptualiseer en te beskryf, terwyl verskil¬lende funksies, modelle en strategies geïdentifiseer is wat as moontlike basiese beginaela en metodes vir supervisie in maatskaplike werk aangebied kan word. Daar is ook gepoog om aan welsynsorganisasies as 'n dinamiese veranderingsisteem in die veranderde en ontwikkelende samelewing riglyne vir die supervisietaak te voorsien. Ten einde bogenoemde doelstellings te bereik, is daar van die volgende ondersoekmetodes gebruik gemaak: 'n Literatuurstudie is oor supervisie gedoen met die doel om die nuutste inligting en resentste teoretiese ont¬wikkelings te bekom. Verder is kennis en inligting versamel deur eie ervaring van maatskaplikewerk-supervisie veral as resultaat van die dosering van die MA (MW) Supervisiekursus aan die Universiteit van Pretoria. Empiriese gegewens is ook op 'n beperkte skaal ingewin deur middel van vraelyste wat deur persone wat die kursus deurloop en voltooi het, voor en na afhandeling van die kursus voltooi is. Die gegewens van die vraelyste is ontleed en verwerk. 'n Belangrike standpunt wat in die studie gehuldig word, is dat 'n bepaalde situasie geassesseer en bepaal moet word en dat strategieë en metodes wat vir die situasie die beste is, soos bepaal deur spesifieke faktore geselek¬teer en aangewend moet word om 'n supervisiesisteem in die organisasie te vestig wat by die organisasie se doelstellings en beleid sal pas. Die korrekte opleiding van supervisors is 'n belangrike komponent om die komplekse taak van supervisie reg en kreatief uit te voer. Goeie, rele¬vante en stimulerende opleiding in supervisie tesame met die deeglike selektering van persone wat oor bepaalde kwaliteite beskik wat nodig is om van hom of haar 'n goeie supervisor te maak, moet betyds geïdentifiseer word. Na aanleiding van die studie is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat uitge¬breide navorsing oor supervisie noodsaaklik is om lig te werp op nuwe ont¬wikkelings, strategieë, kennis, relevante opleiding en die implementering van 'n doeltreffende supervisiesisteem in die moderne welsynsorganisasie. Laasgenoemde behels onder andere 'n veranderde perspektief van maatskap¬likewerk-supervisie en die uitbreiding van die funksies en rol van super¬visie. Die volgende word na aanleiding van die studie aanbeveel dat: Gespesialiseerde opleiding vir supervisie aangebied en aangemoedig word. Poste vir tweedevlaksupervisors geskep moet word. Organisatoriese opleidingsprogramme ontwikkel moet word. Supervisors en maatskaplike werkers geselekteer en gepas moet word. Minimum vereistes en standaarde vir supervisors geïdentifiseer word. Strategieë vir doeltreffende supervisie nagevors en ontwerp word. Die funksies van supervisie sowel as die opleidingsmodelle verder ontwikkel moet word. ENGLISH: This study examines specific quidelines that can be used in the practice of supervision for social work. Changes and changed needs in modern society have resulted in radical changes in the services rendered in social work, as well as in increased pressure for efficiency and productivity. Super¬vision in social work can be regarded as a decisive component in increasing both the productivity of social workers as well as the efficiency of the management of welfare organizations. Material for the study has been obtained not only from literature on social work, but also from other related disciplines. This study does not claim to provide the ultimate and complete solutions to the problems encountered in the practice of supervision in social work, but provides a framework advocating a psycho-dynamic, interactive approach to supervision. This framework is social work-orientated and has been proven empirically as well as in practice. An attempt has been made to conceptualize and describe supervision as a method of instruction for continued training in social work, while various functions, models and strategies have been identified that can be offered as possible basic principles and methods for supervision in social work. An attempt has also been made to provide welfare organizations, as a dynamic and changing system in a changing and developing society, with guidelines for the task of supervision. In the pursuit of the above objectives, the following methods of inquiry have been used A survey of the literature on supervision was done for the purpose of finding out what the latest information and most recent theoretical developments are. Additional knowledge and information was gleaned from personal experience of supervision in social work - especially experience in teaching the MA (Social Work) Supervision Course at the University of Pretoria. Empirical data have also been gathered on a limited scale by means of questionnaires filled out both before and after the completion of their courses, by people who have completed the super¬vision course. The data thus gathered have been analysed and processed. An important point of view adopted in the study is that a particular situation has to be assessed and defined so that the appropriate strategies and methods, as dictated by specific factors, can be selected and applied in order to establish a system of supervision that is suitable to the organization's policies and objectives. For the complex task of sUperV1SlQn to be accomplished correctly and creatively, supervisors have to be given the correct training. Good, relevant and stimulating training in supervision should be the prerogative of previously selected persons in possession of the specific qualities needed in a good supervisor. These qualities have to be identified in good time for the candidates to receive specialized training. In the light of the study a conclusion was reached that extensive research on supervision is needed to illuminate aspects like new developments, strategies, knowledge, relevant training and the implementation of an effective system of supervision in the modern welfare organization. What is envisaged is a changed perspective of supervision in social work and the expansion of the functions and role of supervision. The following recommendations are made that: Specialized training in supervision be offered and encouraged. Posts for second level supervisors be created.>p> Organizational training programmes be developed. Supervisors and workers be selected with a view to compatibility. Supervisors be carefully selected. Minimum requirements and standards for supervisors be identified. Strategies for efficient supervision be researched and designed. The functions of supervision as well as the training models be further developed.