Abstract:
Avian nectarivores face the dilemma of having to conserve salts while consuming
large volumes of a dilute, electrolyte-deficient diet. This study evaluates the
responses to salt solutions and the regulation of salt intake in whitebellied sunbirds
(Cinnyris talatala) and New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae).
Birds were first offered a choice of four sucrose diets, containing no salt or 25, 50 or
75 mM NaCl. The experiment was repeated using five sucrose concentrations (0.075
to 0.63 M) as the base solution. Both species ingested similar amounts of all diets
when fed the concentrated base solutions. However, when birds had to increase their
intake to obtain enough energy on the dilute sucrose diets, there was a general
avoidance of the higher salt concentrations. Through this diet switching, birds
maintained constant intakes of both sucrose and sodium; the latter may contribute to
absorption of their sugar diets. A second, no-choice experiment was designed to
elucidate the renal concentrating abilities of these two nectarivores, by feeding them 2
0.63 M sucrose containing 5-200 mM NaCl over a 4 h trial. In both species, cloacal
fluid osmolalities increased with diet NaCl concentration, but honeyeaters tended to
retain ingested Na+, while sunbirds excreted it. Comparison of Na+ and K+
concentrations in ureteral urine and cloacal fluid showed that K+, but not Na+, was
reabsorbed in the lower intestine of both species. The kidneys of sunbirds and
honeyeaters, like those of hummingbirds, are well suited to diluting urine; however
they also appear to concentrate urine efficiently when necessary.
