Abstract:
Four bis(thiosemicarbazonate)gold(III) complexes (1–4) with a general formula [Au(L)]Cl {L=L1, glyoxal-bis
(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone); L2, glyoxal-bis(N4-ethylthiosemicarbazone); L3, diacetyl-bis(N4-
methylthiosemicarbazone); L4, diacetyl-bis(N4-ethylthiosemicarbazone)} were synthesised and screened
for activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Complexes 1–4 were characterised using
1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy; and their purity established by micronanalysis. Complex 3 inhibited viral
infection of TZM-bl cells by 98% (IC50=6.8±0.6 μM) at a non toxic concentration of 12.5 μM while
complex 4 inhibited infection of these cells by 72 and 98% (IC50=5.3±0.4 μM) at concentrations of 6.25
and 12.5 μMrespectively. Themechanism of inhibition of infection in TZM-bl cells is presumably as a result
of the cytostatic or anti-proliferative activity that was observed for complex 4 in real time cell electronic
sensing (RT-CES) and carboxyflourescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) analysis. Treatment of T lymphocytes
from HIV infected individuals with 4 decreased CD4+ T cell expression (p=0.0049) as demonstrated by
multi-parametric flow cytometry without suppressing cytokine production. None of the ligands (L1–L4)
demonstrated anti-viral activity, supporting the importance of metal (gold) complexation in these potential drugs.
Complexes 3 and 4were shown to have ideal lipophilicity values thatwere similarwhenshake flask (0.97±0.5 and
2.42±0.6) and in silico prediction (0.8 and 1.5) methods were compared. The activity and drug-like properties of
complexes 3 and 4 suggests that these novel metal-based compounds could be combined with virus inhibitory
drugs to work as cytostatic agents in the emerging class of anti-HIV drugs known as virostatics.
