British Prime Minister Winston Churchill stated the following in his speech The Locust Years in November 1936 to the House of Commons: The era of procrastination, of half-measures, of soothing and baffling expedients, of ...

In water distribution networks, water is often fed under gravity from a higher reservoir to another reservoir at a lower level. The residual pressure head at the receiving reservoir is then dissipated through control ...

In South Africa there is currently no notable use of modern small-scale hydrokinetic (HK) energy systems, mainly due to formerly low-cost coal-powered electricity. is renewable energy option makes use of the kinetic ...

Hydrokinetic (HK) energy production has been primarily developed for use in tidal energy applications. However, where inland water infrastructure systems with sufficient velocities and spatial requirements exist, HK energy ...

The location and sizing of air valves to ensure effective de-aeration of pipelines and to provide vacuum break capability was researched. Based on these findings, software was developed to evaluate gravity and pumping ...

The electrification of urban areas in South Africa, including many informal settlements, reached its culmination during recent years. However, the electrification of rural areas still has a long way to go before most of ...

Large numbers of households and communities will not be connected to the national electricity grid for the foreseeable future due to high cost of transmission and distribution systems to remote communities and the relatively ...

The following two slotted drain installation scenarios were reviewed in this paper: a slotted drain operating individually without a median barrier and a slotted drain operating with an adjacent barrier installed along ...

The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between the awareness of potential for energy recovery within Municipal Water Distribution Systems and the lack of knowledge of the extent and location of such potential so ...

Excess pressure within water distribution systems not only increases the risk for water losses through leakages but provides the potential for harnessing excess energy through the installation of energy recovery devices, ...