1927 11th and 12th Reports of the Director of Veterinary Education and Research - Part 2, January 1927
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/12755
Contentes Pages: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol ??, 19??
| CONTENTS | ||
Lamsiekte (Parabotulism)
in Cattle in South Africa |
||
| Foreword | 821 | |
| Introductory review | 822 | |
| Section 1: Definition and historical notes | 843 | |
| Section 2: Cause of the disease and experiments upon its production in the lamsiekte area | 851 | |
| Section 3: Experiments outside the recognized lamsiekte area | 1051 | |
| Section 4: The lamsiekte toxin | 1099 | |
| Section 5: Isolation and description of the toxicogenic saprophyte | 1201 | |
| Section 6: Osteophagia and phosphorus deficiency in relation to lamsiekte | 1211 | |
| Section 7: Symptomatology of lamsiekte | 1248 | |
| Section 8: The pathology and pathogenesis of lamsiekte | 1292 | |
| Appendix | 1307 | |
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Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : symptomatology of lamsiekte(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.Experiments were undertaken to note the symptoms and the course of the disease in cattle, small ruminants, equines and a few bird species.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : pathology and pathogenesis of lamsiekte(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.This section contains rather detailed reports of all the post-mortem findings on animals which died from both experimentally induced lamsiekte as well as naturally contracted lamsiekte.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : osteophagia and phophorus deficiency in relation to lamsiekte(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.Results obtained from the experiments on osteophagia showed: The immediate cause of bovine osteophagia is a deficiency of phosphorus in the veld vegetation of soils very low in phosphorus content; Osteophagia can be produced experimentally by feeding cattle upon an artificial ration very low in phosphorus; Osteophagia may occur in over 80% of cattle grazing over a lamsiekte area for the biggest part of the year; Supplementary foods such as maize and lucerne do not reduce osteophagia unless it is very rich in phosphorus and fed in uneconomical amounts; Osteophagia can be reduced by phosphatic manuring of the pasture; 3oz. of sterilized bonemeal per head per day is sufficient to keep osteophagia at very low level; Phosphorus rich materials such as wheaten bran or suitable manufactured phosphates are also efficient in reducing osteophagia;Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : appendix(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.The tables in the appendix are part of Section 6 - Osteophagia and phosphorus deficiency in relation to lamsiekte. At the end of the tables are general photos of the disease lamsiekte. Fig. 16-19 are referred to in Section 5.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : isolation and description of the toxicogenic saprophyte(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.Section 5 describes experiments to isolate the toxicogenic saprophyte. These experiments showed that an organism of the Clostritium type was isolated from material which produced lamsiekte when given to susceptible animals per os, or by inoculation subcutaneously, or by other routes. This organism was tentatively named Clostridium parabotulinum bovis. This organism produced in culture media an exotoxin which in unfiltered material or after filtration through a Berkefeld candle, produced typical symptoms of lamsiekte in susceptible animals.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : the lamsiekte toxin(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.The experiments recorded in the following pages (the protocols of which will be found in Appendix, page 1152) were undertaken with the object (1) of studying the properties of the lamsiekte toxin and determining its minimum lethal dose for the various species of domestic animals; (2) of attenuating the toxin; and (3) of finding a method of immunization against lamsiekte. It may be stated at once that all three objects were achieved to some extent. The minimal lethal dose was determined for the more important domestic animals. Further, it was found possible to attenuate the toxin both by heat and by the addition of chemicals. And, thirdly, a certain degree of immunity could be conferred on cattle and goats, although unfortunately the immunity was afterwards found to be inadequate and the methods too cumbersome.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : experiments outside the recognized lamsiekte area(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.Section 3 describes experiments done on animals outside the recognised lamsiekte area. The research was done by drenching animals with materials originating at Onderstepoort, Natal and Armoedsvlakte. Then another set of experiments were done by drenching animals with materials obtained at Onderstepoort but originating from Armoedsvlakte. In another set of experiments animals were drenched with material obtained at Onderstepoort as the result of cultivating anarobic organisms contained in toxic bones originating from Armoedsvlakte. An appendix is added with the details of experiments referred to in the various series and post-mortem reports on some of the fatal cases.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : cause of the disease and experiments upon its production in the lamsiekte area(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.Section 2 describes firstly experiments on the drenching of cattle with various materials e.g. pupae of a blow-fly reared on carcasses of cattle that died of naturally contracted lamsiekte, crushed putrid bones of bovine carcasses, Pycnosoma pupae, Pycnosoma larvae etc. Secondly the feeding of cattle with putrid bones are observed. Thirdly experiments were done with cattle in a paddock where carcasses and bones had been deposited. Experimental work on the production of lamsiekte by means of mixed cultures prepared from toxic material are described as well as cases of naturally contracted lamsiekte.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : definition and historical notes(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.This report om Lamsiekte consists of a foreword by Sir Arnold Theiler, an introductory overview, 8 sections and an appendix to section 6 consisting of tables and figures. The 8 sections are: 1-Definition and historical notes p.843-851; 2-Cause of the disease and experiments upon its production in the Lamsiekte area p. 851-1051; 3-Experiments outside the recognized Lamsiekte area p.1051-1099; 4- The Lamsiekte toxin p.1099-1201; 5-Isolation and description of the toxicogenic saprophyte p.1201-1211; 6- Osteophagia and phosphorus deficiency in relation to Lamsiekte p.1211-1248; 7- Symptomatology of Lamsiekte p.1248-1292; 8- The pathology and pathogenesis of Lamsiekte p.1292-1306. Section 1 gives a definition for Lamsiekte , describes the areas of occurance and gives literature background of the disease.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : introductory review(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.This report on Lamsiekte consists of an introductory overview, 8 sections and an appendix to section 6 consisting of tables and figures. The 8 sections are: 1-Definition and historical notes; 2-Cause of the disease and experiments upon its production in the Lamsiekte area; 3-Experiments outside the recognized Lamsiekte area; 4- The Lamsiekte toxin; 5-Isolation and description of the toxicogenic saprophyte; 6- Osteophagia and phosphorus deficiency in relation to Lamsiekte; 7- Symptomatology of Lamsiekte; 8- The pathology and pathogenesis of Lamsiekte. The overview gives a brief description of all the sections in this report.Item Lamsiekte (Parabotulism) in cattle in South Africa : foreword(Pretoria : Government Printer and Stationery Office, 1927) Theiler, Arnold, Sir, 1867-1936; Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture; Du Toit, P.J.; Viljoen, P.R.; Green, H.H.; Meier, Hans; Robinson, E.M.