Wear resistance of synthetic graphite against liquid industrial platinum group metals furnace matte (Cu–Fe–Ni–S) was investigated from 800°C to 1450°C at a contact time of 1 hour. Graphite resistance was measured by the ...

All industrial processes are economically driven, resulting in the ever increasing need for process optimization in order to stay competitive and profitable. Numerous models has been published depicting the optimization ...

The submerged arc furnace (SAF) has become the equipment of choice to produce manganese ferro-alloy. Furnace operators aim to reduce the cost of production by better understanding the role played by the various raw materials ...

Penetration of matte into tap-hole bricks causes detrimental refractory wear, which can lead to furnace breakouts. The ability of the tap-hole clay to form a protective layer on the brick, thereby limiting matte ...

The sinter process converts mixtures of iron ore, iron ore fines and fluxes into a fused aggregate (sinter) that is used as burden material in the blast furnace. The rate of this process is predicted by measuring the ...

The oxygen potential prevailing during iron ore sintering wasmeasuredwith a zirconia sensor in a series of sinter pot experiments. Thiswas done to get a better indication of the redox conditions during commercial sintering. ...