Invasive insects and pathogens are prominent tree mortality agents in forests around the world, and the magnitude of their impacts is increasing. Comparative studies across multiple populations can be helpful for the ...

Biotic threats to trees often arise from interactions among two or more species, frequency insects and fungi, that function together to defeat host defenses, secure resources and colonize new hosts. Feedbacks among plant ...

1 Spatial pattern in the distribution and abundance of organisms is an emergent property of collective rates of reproduction, survival and movement of individuals in a heterogeneous environment. 2 The form, intensity ...