The variable development of the zygoma, dictating its shape and size variations among ancestral groups, has important clinical implications and valuable anthropological and evolutionary inferences. The purpose of the ...

Quantification of skeletal data has been shown to be an effective and reliable method of demonstrating variation in human growth as well as for monitoring and interpreting growth. In South Africa as well as internationally, ...

Manual landmarking is used in several manual and semi-automated prediction guidelines for approximation of the nose. The manual placement of landmarks may, however, render the analysis less repeatable due to observer ...

BACKGROUND : Micro‐CT is a high‐resolution, non‐invasive, and non‐destructive imaging technique, currently acknowledged as a gold standard modality for assessing quantitatively and objectively dental morphology and bone ...

Assessment of global endocranial morphology and regional neuroanatomical changes in early hominins is critical for the reconstruction of evolutionary trajectories of cerebral regions in the human lineage. Early evidence ...

Although guidelines for facial approximations, including those for the eye, are in use in South Africa, limited data on African populations exist to confirm its validity. As precise placement of the eyes in facial ...

The taxonomic attribution of isolated hominin distal humeri has been a matter of uncer-tainty and disagreement notwithstanding their relative abundance in the fossil record. Fourtaxonomically-based morphotypes, respectively ...

The greater palatine foramen (GPF) is an important anatomical landmark and has substantial clinical relevance in dental surgery. Knowledge of its precise location and dimensions is required for proper planning of ...

BACKGROUND : The distinction between where the pulp chamber ends and the root canal system begins is poorly defined within the existing literature. METHODS : This paper aimed to describe a range of accurate methods to ...

OBJECTIVES : The Pleistocene taxon Paranthropus robustus was established in 1938 following the discovery at Kromdraai B, South Africa, of the partial cranium TM 1517a and associated mandible TM 1517b. Shortly thereafter, ...