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An eco-epidemiological model for malaria with Microsporidia MB as bio-control agent
(Springer, 2025-04) Mfangnia, Charlene N.T.; Tonnang, Henri E.Z.; Tsanou, Berge; Herren, Jeremy Keith
Microsporidia MB is an endosymbiont which naturally infects Anopheles mosquitoes. Due to its ability to block Plasmodium transmission, it shows potential as a bio-based agent for the control of malaria. Its self-sustainability is promising, as it can spread through both vertical and horizontal transmissions. However, its low prevalence in mosquito populations remains a challenge. We develop an eco-epidemiological mathematical model describing the co-dynamics of Microsporidia MB (within mosquito population) and malaria (within human population). The model is used to assess the potential of Microsporidia MB-infected mosquitoes on the control of malaria infection. The results on the basic reproduction numbers, the stability of the equilibria, and the existence of bifurcations are obtained, providing conditions for the extinction and persistence of MB-infected mosquitoes. We highlight relevant threshold parameters for the elimination and persistence of MB-infected mosquitoes and malaria-infected individuals. Using real data from Kenya, we found that, given a horizontal transmission rate between 0 and 0.5, a minimum vertical rate of 0.55 is required to avoid extinction of MB-infected mosquitoes. The predicted prevalence of MB-infected mosquitoes using transmission rates reported from lab experiments align with the observed low prevalence of MB-infected mosquitoes in the field, thereby validating our model and results. Finally, predictions indicate that increasing MB mosquito infection could effectively control malaria, with target prevalence varying by region: 15% in Highland, 40% on the coast, and 70% in the Lake region. This study offers insights into the use of bio-based vector population replacement solutions to reduce malaria incidence in regions where Microsporidia MB is prevalent.
Enhancing hydrogen evolution in water splitting with pectin stabilized magnetite nanoparticles
(Wiley, 2025-10) Shibe, Nompumelelo N.; Mhlwatika, Zandile; Radhakrishnan, Shankara Gayathri; Nombona, Nolwazi; nolwazi.nombona@up.ac.za
Please read abstract in the article.
Recent developments in organic radical inclusion in MOFs and radical MOFs
(Wiley, 2025-11) Ndamyabera, Christophe Adrien; Langmi, Henrietta Wakuna; henrietta.langmi@up.ac.za
Organic radicals are attractive materials due to their structures which contain unpaired electrons susceptible to charge transfer upon excitation. They possess potential properties such as optical properties, magnetism, and electrical conductivity. However, they are usually unstable impeding their further advancement and application. Organic radicals can serve as guest molecules in porous solids specifically metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) thereby gaining stability. MOFs are of interest due to their potential properties including large surface area and high adsorption capacity. Apart from their incorporation to form organic radical inclusion MOF hybrids, organic radicals can act as ligands in MOFs to yield radical MOFs. These hybrids and radical MOFs often exhibit enhanced properties such as improved catalytic, magnetic, optical, and sensing properties which make them promising for industrial applications. Herein, organic radical inclusion in MOFs and radical MOFs are reviewed. A brief background on organic radicals is presented. Different methods of integrating organic radicals (guests) in channels of MOFs (hosts) and the resulting changes in the physicochemical properties are documented. Furthermore, the use of organic radicals as ligands in the synthesis of radical MOFs is discussed as an alternative to organic radical–MOF inclusion compounds, and the ensuing physicochemical properties are highlighted.
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in a zero-gap electrolyzer cell on a metal molecular electrocatalyst
(Wiley, 2025-08) Ndlangamandla, Simphiwe; Radhakrishnan, Shankara Gayathri; shankara.radhakrishnan@up.ac.za
Please read abstract in the article.
Enhancing conceptual teaching in organic chemistry through lesson study : a TSPCK-Based approach
(De Gruyter, 2025-04) Ndlovu, Bongani Prince; Nsele, Sphesihle Winile; Khoza, Hlologelo Climant
Conceptual teaching in science education and its implications for pedagogical research have been extensively studied. Likewise, lesson study (LS) has been recognized as a powerful tool for continuous professional development and effective teaching practices. Despite the recognized importance of LS and the affordances of topic-specific PCK (TSPCK) in developing conceptual teaching, the connection between these two approaches in fostering conceptual teaching, remains under-explored within science education. This study aims to explore the development of a conceptual teaching from the dynamic interplay of TSPCK components for teaching a section of organic reactions through a TSPCK-based LS. A qualitative research approach was followed with four teachers from Umkhanyakude district in KwaZulu-Natal. These teachers participated in a TSPCK-based LS to develop a conceptual teaching strategy using Content Representation (CoRe). The findings revealed that teachers progressed from a basic to a developing level of conceptual teaching expertise through LS, as measured by TSPCK component interaction. While the findings are not generalizable, they offer valuable insights into teacher development, highlighting LS as an effective approach for enhancing conceptual teaching in science. This study concludes by recommending large-scale research exploring the role of reflection and feedback during LS in developing conceptual teaching within TSPCK interventions.