Abstract:
Agriculture, an essential pillar of South Africa’s economy, has evolved through a century of scientific
advancements. This Perspective highlights the significant research contributions to the improvement of
citrus and maize production, addressing historical challenges and emphasising ongoing issues such as
climate change, water scarcity and soil quality. The introduction of modern agricultural practices, including
hybrid seeds, genetic modification, and advanced irrigation techniques, has transformed these crops,
enabling increased productivity and global competitiveness. However, the sector faces persistent challenges,
including the impacts of climate change and food security concerns, particularly in rural communities. We
also explore future prospects, underscoring the importance of technology adoption and sustainable practices
to enhance food security. South Africa’s agricultural research, although underfunded compared to developed
nations, remains crucial for sustaining the agricultural landscape and ensuring the sector’s resilience and
growth in an increasingly challenging global environment.
