Reliability, clinical performance and trending ability of a pulse oximeter and pulse co-oximeter, in monitoring blood oxygenation, at two measurement sites, in immobilised white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

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dc.contributor.author Mtetwa, Thembeka Kim
dc.contributor.author Snelling, Edward P.
dc.contributor.author Buss, Peter Erik
dc.contributor.author Donaldson, Ashleigh C.
dc.contributor.author Roug, Annette
dc.contributor.author Meyer, L.C.R. (Leith Carl Rodney)
dc.date.accessioned 2024-10-01T08:00:57Z
dc.date.available 2024-10-01T08:00:57Z
dc.date.issued 2024-07
dc.description DATA AVAILABITY STATEMENT: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the University of Pretoria data repository, https://figshare. com/s/56087e8a1ba4fb6c1b51. en_US
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND: Monitoring blood oxygenation is essential in immobilised rhinoceros, which are susceptible to opioid induced hypoxaemia. This study assessed the reliability, clinical performance and trending ability of the Nonin PalmSAT 2500 A pulse oximeter’s and the Masimo Radical-7 pulse co-oximeter’s dual-wavelength technology, with their probes placed at two measurement sites, the inner surface of the third-eyelid and the scarified ear pinna of immobilised white rhinoceroses. Eight white rhinoceros were immobilised with etorphine-based drug combinations and given butorphanol after 12 min, and oxygen after 40 min, of recumbency. The Nonin and Masimo devices, with dual-wavelength probes attached to the third-eyelid and ear recorded arterial peripheral oxygen-haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) at pre-determined time points, concurrently with measurements of arterial oxygen-haemoglobin saturation (SaO2), from drawn blood samples, by a benchtop AVOXimeter 4000 co-oximeter (reference method). Reliability of the Nonin and Masimo devices was evaluated using the Bland-Altman and the area root mean squares (ARMS) methods. Clinical performance of the devices was evaluated for their ability to accurately detect clinical hypoxemia using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and measures of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Trending ability of the devices was assessed by calculating concordance rates from four-quadrant plots. RESULTS: Only the Nonin device with transflectance probe attached to the third-eyelid provided reliable SpO2 measurements across the 70 to 100% saturation range (bias −1%, precision 4%, ARMS 4%). Nonin and Masimo devices with transflectance probes attached to the third-eyelid both had high clinical performance at detecting clinical hypoxaemia [area under the ROC curves (AUC): 0.93 and 0.90, respectively]. However, the Nonin and Masimo devices with transmission probes attached to the ear were unreliable and provided only moderate clinical performance. Both Nonin and Masimo devices, at both measurement sites, had concordance rates lower than the recommended threshold of ≥90%, indicating poor trending ability. CONCLUSIONS: The overall assessment of reliability, clinical performance and trending ability indicate that the Nonin device with transflectance probe attached to the third-eyelid is best suited for monitoring of blood oxygenation in immobilised rhinoceros. The immobilisation procedure may have affected cardiovascular function to an extent that it limited the devices’ performance. en_US
dc.description.department Anatomy and Physiology en_US
dc.description.department Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies en_US
dc.description.department Paraclinical Sciences en_US
dc.description.department Production Animal Studies en_US
dc.description.sdg SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-being en_US
dc.description.sdg SDG-15:Life on land en_US
dc.description.sponsorship The National Research Foundation of South Africa, South African Government Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority (HW-SETA), Agriculture Sector Education Training Authority (AGRI-SETA) and the Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Department of Paraclinical Sciences and Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, in the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. en_US
dc.description.uri https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/ en_US
dc.identifier.citation Mtetwa, T.K., Snelling, E.P., Buss, P.E. et al. Reliability, clinical performance and trending ability of a pulse oximeter and pulse co-oximeter, in monitoring blood oxygenation, at two measurement sites, in immobilised white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). BMC Veterinary Research 20, 319 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04179-5. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 1746-6148 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1186/s12917-024-04179-5
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/98402
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher BMC en_US
dc.rights © The Author(s) 2024. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. en_US
dc.subject Chemical immobilisation en_US
dc.subject Oxygen-haemoglobin saturation en_US
dc.subject Wildlife en_US
dc.subject SDG-03: Good health and well-being en_US
dc.subject SDG-15: Life on land en_US
dc.subject White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) en_US
dc.subject Blood oxygenation en_US
dc.subject Pulse co-oximeter en_US
dc.subject Pulse oximeter en_US
dc.subject Reliability en_US
dc.subject Clinical performance en_US
dc.title Reliability, clinical performance and trending ability of a pulse oximeter and pulse co-oximeter, in monitoring blood oxygenation, at two measurement sites, in immobilised white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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