Seroprevalence survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and associated factors in South Africa : findings of the 2020–2021 population-based household survey

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dc.contributor.author Moyo, Sizulu
dc.contributor.author Simbayi, Leickness C.
dc.contributor.author Zuma, Khangelani
dc.contributor.author Zungu, Nompumelelo Precious
dc.contributor.author Marinda, Edmore
dc.contributor.author Jooste, Sean
dc.contributor.author Ramlagan, Shandir
dc.contributor.author Fortuin, Mirriam
dc.contributor.author Singh, Beverley
dc.contributor.author Mabaso, Musawenkosi
dc.contributor.author Reddy, Tarylee
dc.contributor.author Parker, Whadi-ah
dc.contributor.author Naidoo, Inbarani
dc.contributor.author Manda, Samuel
dc.contributor.author Goga, Ameena Ebrahim
dc.contributor.author Ngandu, Nobubelo
dc.contributor.author Cawood, Cherie
dc.contributor.author Moore, Penny L.
dc.contributor.author Puren, Adrian
dc.date.accessioned 2024-09-17T12:44:17Z
dc.date.available 2024-09-17T12:44:17Z
dc.date.issued 2023-09-25
dc.description DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The data for this manuscript can be found at this link https:// hsrcacza-my.sharepoint.com/personal/sjooste_ hsrc_ac_za/_layouts/15/onedrive.aspx?id=% 2Fpersonal%2Fsjooste%5Fhsrc%5Fac%5Fza% 2FDocuments%2FNCAS%5FKey%5FData&ga=1. en_US
dc.description.abstract Population-based serological testing is important to understand the epidemiology and estimate the true cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to inform public health interventions. This study reports findings of a national household population SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey in people 12 years and older in South Africa. This cross-sectional multi-stage random stratified cluster survey undertaken from November 2020 to June 2021 collected sociodemographic data, medical history, behavioural data, and blood samples from consenting participants. The samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the Roche ElecsysAnti-SARS-CoV-2 chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) Total Antibody Test. The survey data were weighted by age, race, sex, and province with final individual weights benchmarked against the 2020 mid-year population estimates and accounted for clustering. Descriptive statistics summarize the characteristics of participants and seroprevalence. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. From 13290 survey participants (median age 33 years, interquartile range (IQR) 23–46 years), SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 37.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 35.4–40.4] and varied substantially across the country’s nine provinces, and by sex, age and locality type. In the final adjusted model, the odds of seropositivity were higher in women than in men [aOR = 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.6), p = 0.027], and those living with HIV (self-report) [aOR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0–2.4), p = 0.031]. The odds were lower among those 50 years and older compared to adolescents 12–19 years old [aOR = 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8), p<0.001] and in those who did not attend events or gatherings [aOR = 0.7 (95% CI: 0.6–1.0), p = 0.020]. The findings help us understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 within different regions in a low-middle-income country. The survey highlights the higher risk of infection in women in South Africa likely driven by their home and workplace roles and also highlighted a need to actively target and include younger people in the COVID-19 response. en_US
dc.description.department Paediatrics and Child Health en_US
dc.description.department Psychology en_US
dc.description.librarian am2024 en_US
dc.description.sdg SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-being en_US
dc.description.sponsorship The Solidarity Fund, South Africa, the Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa, and the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa. en_US
dc.description.uri https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/ en_US
dc.identifier.citation Moyo, S., Simbayi, L.C., Zuma, K., Zungu, N., Marinda, E., Jooste, S., et al. (2023) Seroprevalence survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and associated factors in South Africa: Findings of the 2020–2021 population-based household survey. PLoS Global Public Health 3(9): e0002358. https://DOI.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002358. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 2767-3375 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002358
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/98280
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Public Library of Science en_US
dc.rights © 2023 Moyo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. en_US
dc.subject Women en_US
dc.subject Infection en_US
dc.subject COVID-19 pandemic en_US
dc.subject Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) en_US
dc.subject Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en_US
dc.subject Seroprevalence survey en_US
dc.subject South Africa (SA) en_US
dc.subject SDG-03: Good health and well-being en_US
dc.title Seroprevalence survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and associated factors in South Africa : findings of the 2020–2021 population-based household survey en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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