Abstract:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern that affects many
pregnancies globally. The condition is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes
including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, placental abruption, preterm birth, stillbirth, and
fetal growth restriction. In the long-term, mothers and children have an increased risk of developing
metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence
suggest that alterations in the maternal microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM and
adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review describes changes in the maternal microbiome during
the physiological adaptations of pregnancy, GDM and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Findings from this review highlight the importance of understanding the link between the maternal
microbiome and GDM. Furthermore, new therapeutic approaches to prevent or better manage GDM
are discussed. Further research and clinical trials are necessary to fully realize the therapeutic
potential of the maternal microbiome and translate these findings into clinical practice.
