Abstract:
Sustainable development and energy security, highlighted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
necessitate the use of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, upon careful evaluation of literature, we have
discovered that many existing and emerging renewable energy systems (RESs) prioritize renewability over true sustainability.
These systems not only suffer from performance inconsistencies and lack of scalability but also fall short in fully embodying
the principles of sustainability and circular economy. To address this gap, we propose considering microbial fuel cells (MFCs)
as a viable alternative and integral part of the renewable energy ecosystem. MFCs harness the omnipresence, abundance, and
cost-effectiveness of their essential components, making them a promising candidate. Through our comprehensive analysis,
we shed light on the limitations and advancements of this technology, which underscore the remarkable potential of MFCs
to revolutionize our perception of clean, sustainable energy.
