Diet quality of adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic in Tshwane District, South Africa

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dc.contributor.author Duvenage, Hanel
dc.contributor.author Gericke, Gerda J.
dc.contributor.author Muchiri, Jane Wanjiku
dc.date.accessioned 2024-02-13T11:28:19Z
dc.date.available 2024-02-13T11:28:19Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.description.abstract OBJECTIVE : To describe the dietary intake and its quality of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by assessing the dietary variety (DVS), dietary diversity (DDS), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR). DESIGN : This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING : Diabetes outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in Tshwane district, Gauteng province, South Africa. SUBJECTS : Adults, aged 40–70 years, with poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 8%). OUTCOME MEASURES : Dietary intake data were obtained through two, multi-pass, 24-hour recalls. Individual food items were used to determine the DVS and DDS. The SAMRC FoodFinder III software was used to analyse the macro- and micronutrients, from which the NAR and MAR scores were determined. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS : Seventy-seven patients (60 females) participated. Their mean age was 57.2 (±6.6) years. The DDS was adequate at 4.99 (out of a possible 7 food groups); however, the DVS was low (16%) as well as the consumption of vegetables, fruits and legumes. Mean NAR scores indicated insufficient energy intake. Intakes of vitamin D, calcium, folate and iron were below 50% of the recommended daily intake. MAR scores indicated unsatisfactory micronutrient intake at 0.63 (ideal ≥ 1). CONCLUSIONS : In this tertiary healthcare setting, T2DM patients with poor glycaemic control had sub-optimal dietary quality. Interventions such as nutrition education programmes that provide simple and factual information on the benefits of healthy eating and practical ways of achieving healthy diets among people with T2DM are needed. en_US
dc.description.department Consumer Science en_US
dc.description.department Human Nutrition en_US
dc.description.librarian am2024 en_US
dc.description.sdg SDG-02:Zero Hunger en_US
dc.description.sdg SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-being en_US
dc.description.uri https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/ojcn20 en_US
dc.identifier.citation Duvenhange, H., Gericke, G.J., Muchiri, J.W. 2023, 'Diet quality of adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic in Tshwane District, South Africa', South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 93-99. https://DOI.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2114406. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 1607-0658 (print)
dc.identifier.issn 2221-1268 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1080/16070658.2022.2114406
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/94545
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher NISC (Pty) Ltd and Informa UK Limited (trading as the Taylor & Francis Group) en_US
dc.rights © 2022 The Author(s). Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License [CC BY 4.0]. en_US
dc.subject Dietary quality en_US
dc.subject Food variety en_US
dc.subject Nutrient adequacy en_US
dc.subject SDG-02: Zero hunger en_US
dc.subject SDG-03: Good health and well-being en_US
dc.subject Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) en_US
dc.subject Dietary variety (DVS) en_US
dc.subject Mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) en_US
dc.subject Dietary diversity (DDS) en_US
dc.subject Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) en_US
dc.title Diet quality of adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic in Tshwane District, South Africa en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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