Systematic review of Halioticida noduliformans infection in South African abalone (Haliotis midae)

Abstract

The South African abalone (Haliotis midae) industry is a growing and significant market in terms of export potential as well as job creation. The present abalone industry in South Africa is made up of a single species, Haliotis midae. Halioticida noduliformans infection has been associated with elevated mortalities in South African abalone, marked by necrosis of the epithelium and superficial muscle tissues. The disease condition itself has been termed abalone tubercle mycosis (ATM). There is a perception that the disease can have a substantial impact on producers, but there appears to be little published information on this. There is also a lack of cohesive information regarding its control. Through the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review aimed: 1) to provide a clear and comprehensive overview of available information on Halioticida noduliformans infection in South Africa, from sources including scientific and grey literature, technical reports and legislation; 2) if possible, to produce summary estimates of relevant epidemiological parameters; and 3) to identify deficiencies in research which will guide future investigations by formulating relevant research questions. Relevant legislation and surveillance policy and practices were also summarised. The amount of primary literature was found to be very limited with the same sources being cited repeatedly. Where quantitative data was found, it was traced to a single source. Although the available information regarding this organism covers pathology and diagnostic test ability, there are no reports of prevalence, risk factors, assessment of treatments or intervention, and numerous areas for further research were identified.