Chemical interaction of Cr‐Al‐Cu metal powders in aluminum-assisted transfer of chromium in submerged arc welding of carbon steel

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dc.contributor.author Coetsee, Theresa
dc.contributor.author De Bruin, Frederik
dc.date.accessioned 2023-10-12T07:56:11Z
dc.date.available 2023-10-12T07:56:11Z
dc.date.issued 2022-02-01
dc.description DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. en_US
dc.description.abstract In submerged arc welding (SAW) of chromium containing steels, the chromium in the weld metal is usually sourced from weld wire. Manufacturing of precise weld wire compositions for alloying of the weld metal is expensive. In addition, alloying of weld metal with high levels of copper via weld wire is hindered by work hardening of the weld wire. In the SAW process, a large quantity of oxygen is added to the weld pool. Because chromium has a high affinity for oxygen, the oxygen partial pressure at the weld pool-molten flux interface must be controlled to ensure high recovery of chromium to the weld metal. This study illustrates the application of copper as stabilizer, in conjunction with aluminum, to enhance chromium transfer to the weld pool. The stabilizer effect occurs because the Cr-Al-Cu alloy liquidus temperatures are much lower than the pure Cr liquidus temperature. The result is an increase in the total quantity of Cr, Al, and Cu powder melted into the weld pool. The application of Al powder additions to control the partial oxygen pressure at the molten flux-weld pool interface is confirmed in the presence of Cr and Cu metal powders to ensure the weld metal ppm O content is maintained at the acceptable level of 300 ppm. en_US
dc.description.department Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering en_US
dc.description.librarian am2023 en_US
dc.description.sponsorship The National Research Foundation of South Africa. en_US
dc.description.uri https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes en_US
dc.identifier.citation Coetsee, T.; De Bruin, F. Chemical Interaction of Cr-Al-Cu Metal Powders in Aluminum-Assisted Transfer of Chromium in Submerged ArcWelding of Carbon Steel. Processes 2022, 10, 296. https://DOI.org/10.3390/pr10020296. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 2227-9717 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.3390/pr10020296
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/92858
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher MDPI en_US
dc.rights © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. en_US
dc.subject Oxygen potential en_US
dc.subject Chromium en_US
dc.subject Aluminium en_US
dc.subject Copper en_US
dc.subject Metal powder en_US
dc.subject Submerged arc welding (SAW) en_US
dc.title Chemical interaction of Cr‐Al‐Cu metal powders in aluminum-assisted transfer of chromium in submerged arc welding of carbon steel en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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