Development of health promotion interventions for families having member(s) diagnosed with tuberculosis in the North West province

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a contagious disease and a major global public health burden. It can be cured. However, treatment compliance is a major challenge for the prevention and control of this fatal disease. Interventions to prevent and promote adherence to Tuberculosis treatment regimens need to involve families as they play a crucial role in the care of patients. The overall aim of the study was to develop Tuberculosis health promotion interventions for families having a member(s) diagnosed with Tuberculosis in the Northwest province of South Africa. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of the families having a member(s) diagnosed with Tuberculosis in the North West province and to explore and describe the needs of the community health nurses regarding health promotion interventions for families having a member(s) diagnosed with Tuberculosis in the North West province. The study followed a constructivist approach to answer the research question. The study was conducted in two phases: In phase 1, a qualitative, descriptive phenomenology was conducted as a philosophical base and design. The researcher used face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews to collect data. The findings of Phase 1 formed the basis of Phase 2. In Phase 2, the health promotion interventions for families having member(s) diagnosed with Tuberculosis in the Northwest province were developed and validated. The Delphi technique was used over four rounds to validate the developed health promotion interventions. In phase 1, ten (10) families having member(s) diagnosed with Tuberculosis and twelve (12) community health nurses working in the clinics and community health centres of Ngaka Modiri Molema District were purposefully selected to participate in the study. The researcher used semi- structured individual interviews to collect the data. Data analysis was done using Colaizi’s (1978) method. All principles of trustworthiness by Guba and Lincoln (2005) were considered. Additionally, an independent co-coder was involved in finalising the themes. In Phase 2, eighteen (18) expert health professionals took part in the study through the Delphi technique and data collection was done with the use of questionnaire through emails. Data collection and analysis for this phase was done concurrently throughout the rounds, and in the fourth-round rating was used to analyse. Six (6) Tuberculosis health promotion interventions were developed and validated for families having member(s) diagnosed with Tuberculosis in the North West province.