Abstract:
Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and the establishment of new blood vessels
is vital to allow for a tumour to grow beyond 1–2 mm in size. The angiogenic switch is the term
given to the point where the number or activity of the pro-angiogenic factors exceeds that of the
anti-angiogenic factors, resulting in the angiogenic process proceeding, giving rise to new blood
vessels accompanied by increased tumour growth, metastasis, and potential drug resistance. Long
noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) have been found to play a role in the angiogenic switch by
regulating gene expression, transcription, translation, and post translation modification. In this regard
they play both anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic roles. The expression levels of the pro-angiogenic
lncRNAs have been found to correlate with patient survival. These lncRNAs are also potential drug
targets for the development of therapies that will inhibit or modify tumour angiogenesis. Here we
review the roles of lncRNAs in regulating the angiogenic switch. We cover specific examples of both
pro and anti-angiogenic lncRNAs and discuss their potential use as both prognostic biomarkers and
targets for the development of future therapies.
