Citizenship matters : explorations into the citizen-state relationship in Africa

Abstract

Citizenship is a universal legal concept and norm. But its meaning and impact differ. Its codification and implementation are shaped by historical trajec- tories, political systems and state/government relations with members of society. State policy affects perceptions of citizenship and civic behaviour by those gov- erned. This paper engages with current challenges relating to citizenship in Africa South of the Sahara. It centres on academic and policy discussions on citi- zenship but also draws on media reports and secondary literature to explore whether promoting and embracing a positive notion of citizenship can be an oppor- tunity for states and governments as well as citizens. Could civic education be con- sidered a worthwhile investment in social stability and a shared identification with the common good? We conclude by making a case for a social contract, which reconciles particularistic identities (such as ethnicity) with citizenship and govern- ance under the rule of law as an investment into enhanced trust in a citizen-state relationship.