Abstract:
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the most important global causes of viral hepatitis. Recent
reviews suggested that HAV endemicity in South Africa could shift from high to intermediate. A
hospital-based HAV seroprevalence study was conducted between February 2018 and December
2019 in Pretoria, South Africa. Systematic sampling was performed on children and adolescents
(1–15 years) who attended outpatient services. Participants with a known HIV status and valid HAV
serology results were included. Of the 1220 participants, the median age was 7 years (IQR: 4–11),
with 648 (53.11%) males and 572 (46.89%) females. Of 628 (51.48%) HIV-infected participants, most
(329, 71.83%) were both immunologically and virologically controlled or had low-level viremia (74,
16.16%). Almost three-quarters (894, 73.28%) were living in formal dwellings, and just over half
(688, 56.39%) had access to clean water sources inside the house. Increasing age was associated with
testing HAV IgG-positive (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.20–1.30, p < 0.001), with 19.8% of participants one year
of age compared with 86.7% of participants 15 years of age. This study suggests that South Africa
has an intermediate HAV seroprevalence, with rates < 90% by 10 years of age (68.6%). Increased age
and informal dwellings are statistically associated with HAV seropositivity, while HIV status does not
significantly influence HAV seropositivity.
