dc.contributor.author |
Zimmermann, David E.
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Penzhorn, Barend Louis
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Vorster, Ilse
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Troskie, Milana
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dc.contributor.author |
Oosthuizen, Marinda C.
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|
dc.date.accessioned |
2022-10-10T09:00:17Z |
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dc.date.available |
2022-10-10T09:00:17Z |
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dc.date.issued |
2021-03 |
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dc.description.abstract |
The two black rhinoceros subspecies (Diceros bicornis bicornis and D. b. minor) in South African conservation areas are managed as separate metapopulations. Since infection with Babesia bicornis can be fatal in black rhinoceroses, occurrence of this and other piroplasms in the two metapopulations was determined to assess possible risk. Blood specimens were collected from 156 black rhinoceroses: 80 from D. b. bicornis and 76 from D. b. minor. DNA was extracted; the V4 hypervariable region of the parasite 18S rRNA gene was amplified and subjected to the Reverse Line Blot (RLB) hybridization assay. There was a significant difference in occurrence of piroplasms: 18/80 (23%) in D. b. bicornis and 39/76 (51%) in D. b. minor. Theileria bicornis occurred in significantly more of the D. b. minor population (36/76; 47%) than the D. b. bicornis population (1/80; 1%); with B. bicornis the difference was not significant: D. b. bicornis 5/80 (6%) and D. b. minor 9/76 (11%). Three individuals were infected with Theileria equi. Results were confirmed using molecular characterization of the near full-length parasite 18S rRNA gene of 13 selected specimens. We identified four (Tb1, Tb2, Tb3 and Tb4) 18S rDNA sequence types for T. bicornis, two for B. bicornis (Bb1 and Bb2) and one for T. equi (Teq1). We furthermore identified T. bicornis haplotypes H1, H3 and H4 in 10 rhinoceroses; H3 was the most common haplotype identified. Rhinoceroses inhabiting more arid areas are apparently free of T. bicornis and B. bicornis, probably due to the absence or scarcity of vectors. When individuals are relocated for metapopulation management purposes, appropriate prophylactic action should be taken to minimise the risk of babesiosis, which could be fatal. |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Veterinary Tropical Diseases |
en_US |
dc.description.librarian |
hj2022 |
en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship |
South African National Research Foundation grant and a SANBI Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme grant. |
en_US |
dc.description.uri |
https://www.elsevier.com/locate/ttbdis |
en_US |
dc.identifier.citation |
Zimmermann, D.E., Penzhorn, B.L., Vorster, I. et al. 2021, 'Babesia bicornis, Theileria bicornis and Theileria equi in metapopulations of two black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) subspecies in South Africa and their potential impact on conservation', Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, vol. 12, no. 2, art. 101635, pp. 1-10, doi : 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101635. |
en_US |
dc.identifier.issn |
1877-959X (print) |
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dc.identifier.issn |
1877-9603 (online) |
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dc.identifier.other |
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101635 |
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dc.identifier.uri |
https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/87602 |
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dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.publisher |
Elsevier |
en_US |
dc.rights |
© 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases,vol. 12, no. 2, art. 101635, pp. 1-10, 2021. doi : 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101635. |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Babesia bicornis |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Theileria bicornis |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Theileria equi |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Metapopulation management |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Reintroduction |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Conservation |
en_US |
dc.subject |
South Africa (SA) |
en_US |
dc.title |
Babesia bicornis, Theileria bicornis and Theileria equi in metapopulations of two black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) subspecies in South Africa and their potential impact on conservation |
en_US |
dc.type |
Postprint Article |
en_US |