English: Artificial fertilization with donor gametes is becoming more popular
amongst infertile couples as an alternative to childlessness. It
allows the couple the opportunity to experience a pregnancy and the
birth of their child, who is fifty percent blood-related. This form
of treatment involves various medical, legal, ethical-moral,
religious and psycho-social aspects, and couples requesting this form
of treatment usually have limited knowledge of these aspects, are
unable to make an informed decision and are unaware of the possible
long-term implications.
Applied and developmental research was implemented in this study.
The research designs were exploratory and descriptive and the nature
of this research was both quantitative and qualitative. The research
population of 30 respondents were all included in this study.
The hypotheses for this study were formulated as follows:
Hypothesis 1:
When couples request artificial fertilization with donor gametes,
they have limited knowledge of all the medical, legal, ethical-moral,
religious and psycho-social aspects related to this treatment.
Hypothesis 2:
If couples are prepared for artificial fertilization with donor
gametes by means of a holistic preparation session, they will gain
more knowledge regarding all the aspects related to this treatment.
Hypothesis 3:
If couples undergo artificial fertilization with donor gametes, they
will experience long-term psycho-social implications.
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The aims of this study included:
Aim 1:
To develop, implement, evaluate and describe a guideline for the
holistic preparation of couples for artificial fertilization with
donor gametes.
Aim 2:
To do a longitudinal study of the same respondents to determine the
long-term psycho-social implications of successful or unsuccessful
artificial fertilization with donor gametes.
Aim 3:
To provide a medical social work guideline for the counselling of
couples undergoing artificial fertilization with donor gametes.
These aims were all met by means of this study.
In the first empirical study, the preparation session which was
developed in this study, was implemented over a half-day session,
individually with each couple using the A-B-A single system design
and a questionnaire. A pre-test prior to and post-test after
completion of the session was conducted. These respondents'
knowledge on all the aspects related to this form of treatment, which
was limited in the pre-test, had increased after completion of the
session in the post-test. The session was evaluated to be of high
value on the short-term, as it had increased their knowledge and
provided them with a thorough perspective, supporting hypothesis 1
and 2.
The second empirical study was conducted with the same respondents
7 years later, by means of a longitudinal survey, using personal
interviews and a questionnaire. Respondents had either donor,
adopted or own biological children or were childless and had
experienced
successful
long-term psycho-social implications as a result of
or unsuccessful artificial fertilization with donor
gametes, supporting hypothesis 3. Respondents valued the preparation
session highly on the long-term, as it had increased their knowledge
and enabled them to make an informed decision. A preparation session
was recommended as a necessity for all couples undergoing this form
of treatment, as well as a need for long-term counselling. Recommendations
included a preparation session being a prerequisite for all
couples undergoing this form of treatment and the need for long-term
counselling. A guideline was provided for this purpose.
Afrikaans: Kunsmatige bevrugting met donor gamete, word steeds gewilder by
onvrugbare egpare, as alternatief tot kinderloosheid. Dit bied 'n
egpaar die geleentheid om 'n swangerskap en die geboorte van hulle
kind, wat vyftig persent bloedverwant is, te ervaar. Hierdie soort
behandeling behels verskillende mediese, wetlike, eties-morele,
godsdienstige en psigososiale aspekte en egpare wat hierdie soort
behandeling versoek, dra gewoonlik slegs beperkte kennis van hierdie
aspekte, is nie daartoe instaat om 'n ingeligte besluit te neem nie
en is onbewus van die moontlike langtermyn implikasies.
Toegepaste en ontwikkelingsnavorsing is in hierdie studie aangewend.
Die navorsingsontwerpe was verkennend en beskrywend en die aard van
die navorsing was sowel kwantitatief as kwalitatief. Die universum
van 30 respondente is in hierdie studie ingesluit.
Die hipoteses vir die studie is as volg geformuleer:
Hipotese 1:
Wanneer egpare kunsmatige bevrugting met donor gamete versoek, het
hulle slegs beperkte kennis van al die mediese, wetlike, etiesmorele,
godsdienstige en psigososiale aspekte wat verband hou met
hierdie behandeling.
Hipotese 2:
Indien egpare deur middel van 'n holistiese voorbereidingsessie vir
kunsmatige bevrugting met donor gamete voorberei word, sal hulle meer
kennis opdoen ten opsigte van al die aspekte wat verband hou met die
behandeling.
Hipotese 3:
Indien egpare kunsmatige bevrugting met donor gamete ondergaan, sal
hulle langtermyn psigososiale implikasies ervaar. Die doelstellings van die studie het die volgende ingesluit:
Doelstelling 1:
Om 'n riglyn vir die holistiese voorbereiding van egpare vir
kunsmatige bevrugting met donor gamete te ontwikkel, implementeer,
evalueer en beskryf.
Doelstelling 2:
Om 'n longitudinale studie van dieselfde respondente te onderneem,
om die langtermyn psigososiale implikasies van suksesvolle of
onsuksesvolle kunsmatige bevrugting met donor gamete te bepaal.
Doelstelling 3:
Om 'n geneeskundige maatskaplikewerk-riglyn vir die berading van
egpare wat kunsmatige bevrugting met donor gamete ondergaan, te
verskaf. Hierdie doelstellings is almal deur middel van hierdie
studie bereik.
In die eerste empiriese studie is die voorbereidingsessie individueel
met elke egpaar oor 'n half-dag geimplementeer en die A-B-A enkelstelselontwerp
en 'n vraelys is benut. 'n Voortoets asook 'n natoets
is ui tgevoer, voor en na vol tooiing van die sessie. Die
respondente het v66r die voorbereidingsessie, oor beperkte kennis van
al die aspekte wat met die behandeling verband hou beskik, en het na
die sessie vermeerderde kennis getoon. Die sessie is van hoe waarde
beskou op die korttermyn, want hulle kennis is aangevul en 'n
deeglike perspektief is voorsien, wat hipoteses 1 en 2 ondersteun
het.
Die tweede empiriese studie is sewe jaar later met dieselfde respondente
ui tgevoer, deur middel van 'n longi tudinale opname, met
gebruikmaking van persoonlike onderhoude en 'n vraelys. Die
respondente het donor, aangenome, of eie biologiese kinders gehad,
of was kinderloos en het langtermyn psigososiale implikasies ervaar
as gevolg van suksesvolle of onsuksesvolle kunsmatige bevrugting met
donor gamete. Hipotese 3 is deur hierdie bevindinge ondersteun. 'n
Hoe waarde is aan die sessie geheg met die langtermyn evaluasie van
die voorbereidingsessie, omdat dit hulle met kennis toegerus het, en
hulle in staat gestel het om 'n ingeligte besluit te neem. Aanbevelings
het sowel die voorbereidingsessie as vereiste vir alle egpare
wat hierdie behandeling ondergaan, ingesluit, asook die behoefte aan
langtermyn berading. 'n Riglyn is vir hierdie doel voorsien.
