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dc.contributor.author | Snyman, Jumari![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Koekemoer, Otto![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Van Schalkwyk, Antoinette![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Van Vuren, Petrus Jansen![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Snyman, Louwtjie P.![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Williams, June Heather![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Venter, Marietjie![]() |
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dc.date.accessioned | 2022-04-08T11:41:29Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-04-08T11:41:29Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-03 | |
dc.description.abstract | Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a neglected virus endemic to South Africa and is considered to generally result in mild disease in equines. Specimens were analyzed from live horses that presented with undefined neurological, febrile, or respiratory signs, or sudden and unexpected death. Between 2010 and 2017, 111 of 1523 (7.3%) horse samples tested positive for EEV using a nested real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Clinical signs were reported in 106 (7.2%) EEV positive and 1360 negative horses and included pyrexia (77/106, 72.6%), icterus (20/106, 18.9%) and dyspnea (12/106, 11.3%). Neurological signs were inversely associated with EEV infection (OR < 1, p < 0.05) relative to EEV negative cases despite a high percentage of animals presenting with neurological abnormalities (51/106, 48.1%). Seventeen of the EEV positive horses also had coinfections with either West Nile (5/106, 4.7%), Middelburg (4/106, 3.8%) or African Horse sickness virus (8/106, 7.6%). To investigate a possible genetic link between EEV strains causing the observed clinical signs in horses, the full genomes of six isolates were compared to the reference strains. Based on the outer capsid protein (VP2), serotype 1 and 4 were identified as the predominant serotypes with widespread reassortment between the seven different serotypes. | en_ZA |
dc.description.department | Medical Virology | en_ZA |
dc.description.department | Paraclinical Sciences | en_ZA |
dc.description.department | Veterinary Tropical Diseases | en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian | pm2022 | en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship | University of Pretoria, Zoonotic Arbo and Respiratory virus program development funds; NRF; Meat Industry Trust and Poliomyelitis Research foundation. | en_ZA |
dc.description.uri | http://www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation | Snyman, J.; Koekemoer, O.; van Schalkwyk, A.; Jansen van Vuren, P.; Snyman, L.; Williams, J.; Venter, M. Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010–2017. Viruses 2021, 13, 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030398. | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn | 1999-4915 (online) | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.3390/v13030398 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/84846 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_ZA |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_ZA |
dc.rights | © 2021 by the authors. Licensee: MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Next generation sequencing | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Febrile disease | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Equids | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Neurological signs | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Orbivirus | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) | en_ZA |
dc.title | Epidemiology and genomic analysis of equine encephalosis virus detected in horses with clinical signs in South Africa, 2010-2017 | en_ZA |
dc.type | Article | en_ZA |