dc.contributor.advisor |
Pieterse, Deirdre |
|
dc.contributor.postgraduate |
Botha, S. (Stefan) |
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2021-11-30T07:46:20Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2021-11-30T07:46:20Z |
|
dc.date.created |
2021 |
|
dc.date.issued |
2005 |
|
dc.description |
Mini Dissertation (MCom (Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2005. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract |
English: The objective of this study was to compare the taxation of life insurers with the taxation of
other corporate taxpayers in South Africa. in order to test the validity of a perception that may
exist surrounding the preferential tax treatment of life insurers.
In this study, the tax regime of life insurers is summarised and critically analysed in order to
identify deviation from general income tax principles. In some instances generic test data was
used to make the analysis practical and meaningful. The outcome of this analysis is then
used to determine whether the deviations identified created a preferential tax regime for life
insurers, resulting in having a smaller income tax liability than other corporate taxpayers.
The main findings can be summarised as follows:
• The taxation of the life insurance industry is based on the 'trustee principle'. This
principle entails that life insurers receive and administer funds on behalf of
policyholders.
• In consequence of the 'trustee principle' a life insurer is divided into four separate
taxpayers ("the four funds approach"): a policyholder fund for each of the various
categories of owners of policies (being individuals, companies and retirement and
benefit funds) as well as a corporate fund. The corporate fund represents the excess
of an insurer's assets after all the policyholder liabilities have been met.
• Neither the 'trustee principle' nor the 'four funds approach' holds any preferential tax
treatment for a life insurer.
• Resulting from the different rules that govern the taxation of each of the four funds deviations from general income tax principles are found in the taxation of a life tn surer
None of these deviations has the result of creating a preferential tax regime for life
insurers. Part of a life insurer's underwriting results, must be disregarded for purposes of
determining taxable income. This provision, however, does not bring about preferential
tax treatment of life insurers when compared to other corporate taxpayers
• The investment income of a life insurer is not taxed differently from any other
corporate taxpayer. except for the fact that the deductible expenditure of a life insurer
is determined in terms of a fixed formula. The fixed formula adversely affects the
deductibility of expenditure of a life insurer, when compared to the deductibility of
expenditure of other corporate taxpayers.
• Life insurers do not have a preferential CGT regime , but rather stand the chance of
being taxed twice on transfers of assets between funds.
One cannot conclude on whether a specific life insurer enjoys preferential tax treatment over
other corporate taxpayers without evaluating the circumstances relevant to that specific life
insurer. It would be unfounded to generalise and categorically state that life insurers enjoy a
preferential tax regime in comparison to other corporate taxpayers. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract |
Afrikaans: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die inkomstebelastingbestel van lewensversekeraars in
Suid-Afrika te vergelyk met die van ander korporatiewe belastingpligtiges Die vergelyking is
gedoen om die geldigheid van die opvatting dat langtermynversekeraars 'n meer voordelige
belastingposisie geniet, te toets.
In hierdie studie is die inkomstebelastingbestel van lewensversekeraars opgesom en krities
ontleed, ten einde afwykings van algemene inkomstebelastingbeginsels te identifiseer In
sommige gevalle is daar van generiese toetsdata gebruik gemaak om die ontleding prakties
en meer bruikbaar te maak. Die resultaat van die ontleding dien as basis om die geldighe1d
van die opvatting dat lewensversekeraars 'n gunstiger belastingbestel geniet as ander
korporatiewe belastingpligtiges, te beoordeel.
Die bevindinge kan soos volg opgesom word:
• Die belastingbestel van lewensversekeraars is gebaseer op die ·trusteebeginsel'
Hierdie beginsel beteken kortliks dat langtermynversekeraars fondse van polishouers
ten behoewe van daardie polishouers bestuur.
• As gevolg van die 'trusteebeginsel' word 'n lewensversekeraar opgedeel in vier
afsonderlike belastingpligtiges ("die vier-fondsbenadering") 'n polishouersfonds vir
elke kategorie polishouer (individue, maatskappye en aftreefondse) asook 'n
korporatiewe fonds. Die korporatiewe fonds verteenwoordig die oorskot bates van n
lewensversekeraar nadat alle polishouersverpligtinge gedek is.
• Die belastingreels van toepassing op die verskillende fondse van 'n
lewensversekeraar het tot gevolg dat daar afgewyk word van normale beginsels in die
berekening van 'n lewensversekeraar se inkomstebelastingaanspreeklikheid. Nie een van hierdie afwykings het tot gevolg dat 'n lewensversekeraar n meer voordeli ge
belasting bestel het as 'n ander korporatiewe belastingpligtige nie.
• 'n Gedeelte van 'n lewensversekeraar se onderskrywingsinkomste word geignoreer in
die berekening van belasbare inkomste. Hierdie bepaling het egter nie 'n gunstiger
belastingposisie vir lewensversekeraars tot gevolg nie.
• 'n Lewensversekeraar word op dieselfde basis aangeslaan as enige ander
korporatiewe belastingpligtige in sover dit beleggingsinkomste aangaan. Die
aftrekbaarheid van lewensversekeraars se uitgawes vir belastingdoeleindes word
beperk deurdat 'n vaste formule gebruik word om aftrekbare uitgawes te bepaal Die
vaste formule het tot gevolg dat lewensversekeraars 'n kleiner gedeelte van uitgawes
kan aftrek as ander korporatiewe belastingpligtiges.
• Lewensversekeraars is nie onderhewig aan gunstiger kapitaalwinsbelastingwetgewing
("KWB") as ander korporatiewe belastingpligtiges nie, maar mag moontlik aan beide
KWB en inkomstebelasting blootgestel wees ten opsigte van oordragte wat tussen
fondse plaasvind.
Dit is nie moontlik om tot 'n gevolgtrekking te kom aangaande die voordeligheid van die
inkomstebelastingbestel van lewensversekeraars sander om die omstandighede spesifiek tot
'n individuele lewensversekeraar te beoordeel nie. Dit sou ongegrond wees om te
veralgemeen en kategories die stelling te maak dat lewensversekeraars blootgestel is aan 'n
meer voordelige inkomstebelastingbestel as ander korporatiewe belastingpligtiges. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.availability |
Unrestricted |
en_ZA |
dc.description.degree |
MCom (Taxation) |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Taxation |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
* |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/82904 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
University of Pretoria |
|
dc.rights |
© 2021 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
|
dc.subject |
UCTD |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
The taxation of life insurers in South Africa |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Mini Dissertation |
en_ZA |