Access to healthcare for persons with albinism in Ghana : a human rights approach

Abstract

Melanin deficiency in persons with albinism predisposes them to significant health risks. Persons with albinism have varying degrees of low vision, and skin cancer has been identified as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in this population, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, persons with albinism face mental health issues due to discrimination, stigma, marginalisation and social exclusion. This study relied on a review of relevant national and international legal instruments, journal articles and media reports to assess the legal and institutional arrangements to respect, promote, protect and fulfil the right to health in Ghana and examine their conformity to the right to health of persons with albinism under international human rights law. The study showed that a lack of information and scientific understanding of the condition leads to myths, misconceptions and prejudices, fuelling discrimination, stigma, marginalisation and social exclusion. Consequently, these social factors negatively impact the level of participation of persons with albinism in decision making in all aspects of life including, political, social, civic and cultural life, with consequential effects on their access to healthcare. As a result, the study recommends legislative and administrative measures, provision of reasonable accommodation, and access to information to promote, protect and fulfil the rights to health of persons with albinism in Ghana in line with international human rights laws.