Polygamous farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) : foetal membranes tell the story

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dc.contributor.author Nothling, Johan Oliviette
dc.contributor.author Nothling, Johan Antowan
dc.contributor.author Myburgh, Jan G.
dc.contributor.author Harper, Cindy Kim
dc.date.accessioned 2021-11-16T10:03:51Z
dc.date.available 2021-11-16T10:03:51Z
dc.date.issued 2020-11-06
dc.description.abstract Multiple paternity in crocodilian broods would increase effective population size and slow down the loss of genetic variation due to inbreeding and random genetic drift in real populations. Multiple paternity may also explain variation among offspring of the same brood with respect to characteristics of commercial interest to crocodile farmers. Foetal membranes may provide a non-invasive source of DNA from which to determine the genotypes of Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) hatchlings. The aims of this study were to determine the effectiveness of using the foetal membranes remaining inside the hatched eggs to determine the genotypes of Nile crocodile hatchlings, and to determine whether a brood (the hatchlings from a clutch of eggs) from a communal breeding pond on a commercial farm may have more than one sire. DNA profiles were determined on 4–6 (mean 4.4) foetal membrane specimens (FMSs) from each of 25 broods from the same breeding pond on a commercial Nile crocodile farm. Eleven microsatellite loci were used. DNA amplification occurred at all 11 loci in 95 of the 110 genotyped individuals, at 1–10 loci in 13 and at no locus in two. Three to 20 alleles were found per locus. Single-locus assessment showed that 13 broods had at least two sires. A multilocus programme (Colony) inferred that 19 broods had at least two sires, with polyandry and polygyny being common. Further research is necessary to determine the utility of foetal membranes as a source of DNA from nests in the wild and, using more FMSs per brood, to more precisely determine the extent of polyandry and polygyny in farmed and wild Nile crocodiles. en_ZA
dc.description.abstract Meer as een vaar in ’n krokodilbroeisel verhoog die effektiewe populasiegrootte en lei tot ’n stadiger verlies van genetiese variasie as gevolg van inteling en lukraak genetiese swerwing. Meer as een vaar kan ook die variasie met betrekking tot eienskappe wat van kommersiële belang is tussen krokodille uit dieselfde broeisel verklaar. Vrugvliese kan ’n nie-ingrypende bron van DNS verskaf waarmee die genotipe van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge (Crocodylus niloticus) bepaal kan word. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel hoe doeltreffend die genotipe van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge uit die vrugvliese wat in uitgebroeide eiers agterbly bepaal kan word en of ’n broeisel uit ’n kommunale teeldam op ’n kommersiële plaas meer as een vaar kan hê. Elf mikrosatellietloki is gebruik om die DNS-profiele van 4–6 (gemiddeld 4.4) vrugvliesmonsters (VVMe) van elk van 25 broeisels uit dieselfde teeldam op ’n kommersiële Nylkrokodilplaas te bepaal. DNS het op al 11 loki in 95 van die 110 individue vermeerder, op 1–10 loki in 13 en op geen lokus nie in twee. Drie tot 20 allele is per lokus gevind. Afsonderlike beoordeling van loki het getoon dat 13 broeisels minstens twee vaars gehad het. Met ’n multilokusprogram (Colony) is afgelei dat 19 broeisels minstens twee vaars gehad het, en dat poliandrie en poliginie algemeen was. Verdere navorsing is nodig om die nuttigheid van vrugvliese as ’n bron van DNS vir nesse uit die natuur te bepaal en om, deur meer VVMe per broeisel te gebruik, die mate van poliandrie en poliginie op Nylkrokodilplase en in die natuur meer presies te bepaal. en_ZA
dc.description.department Genetics en_ZA
dc.description.department Physics en_ZA
dc.description.department Production Animal Studies en_ZA
dc.description.librarian am2021 en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship The National Research Foundation en_ZA
dc.description.uri http://www.satnt.ac.za en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation Johan O Nöthling, Johan A Nöthling, Jan G. Myburgh, Cindy K. Harper, Polygamous farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus): Foetal membranes tell the story, Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 39(1) (2020). https://DOI.org/10.36303/ SATNT.2020.39.1.750. en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn 0254-3486 (print)
dc.identifier.issn 2222-4173 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.36303/ SATNT.2020.39.1.750
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/82706
dc.language.iso en en_ZA
dc.publisher AOSIS Open Journals en_ZA
dc.rights © 2020. Authors. Licensee: Die Suid- Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. en_ZA
dc.subject Crocodile en_ZA
dc.subject Egg en_ZA
dc.subject Hatchling en_ZA
dc.subject DNA en_ZA
dc.subject Sire en_ZA
dc.subject Krokodille en_ZA
dc.subject Eier en_ZA
dc.subject Broeiling en_ZA
dc.subject Vrugvliese en_ZA
dc.subject DNS en_ZA
dc.subject Vaar en_ZA
dc.subject Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) en_ZA
dc.subject Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) en_ZA
dc.subject Foetal membrane specimens (FMSs) en_ZA
dc.subject Vrugvliesmonsters (VVMe) en_ZA
dc.subject.other Veterinary science articles SDG-09 en_ZA
dc.subject.other SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure
dc.title Polygamous farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) : foetal membranes tell the story en_ZA
dc.title.alternative Poligame Nylkrokodille (Crocodylus niloticus) op ’n krokodilplaas : vrugvliese vertel die storie en_ZA
dc.type Article en_ZA


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