Abstract:
Resilience is a dynamic process of positive adaptation to significant adversity. While there
has been substantial focus on risks and negative outcomes associated with youth
migrancy, there is limited evidence of the relationship between the adversity of
migration, and resilience, wellbeing, and positive mental health in adolescents. This
international study aimed to explore the differences in resilience, wellbeing, and mental
health behaviors in migrant and non-migrant adolescents tested across six countries
(Australia, New Zealand, UK, China, South Africa, and Canada) with varying levels of
trauma exposure. The study was a cross-sectional survey design with a convenience
sample of 194 10–17 year old migrants and non-migrants. The migrant sample included
both “internal” migrants (change of residence within a country) and “external” migrants
(change of residence across national borders) for comparison. Across the sites, migrants
reported a higher mean number of traumatic events for the past year than non-migrants,
with internal migrants reporting more events than external migrants overall. South African
adolescents reported a higher mean number of traumatic events for the past year than all
other sites. External migrants reported higher resilience scores yet reduced prosocial
behaviors relative to internal migrants and non-migrants, whereas both internal and
external migrants reported higher peer problems than non-migrants. When considering
the interacting effects of trauma, the presence or absence of trauma did not appear to
impact migrant scores in terms of resilience, wellbeing, or conduct problems. In
comparison, trauma-exposed non-migrants showed detriments relative to traumaexposed migrant peers for all of these measures. In conclusion, the survey tool was
found to be reliable and acceptable for use in international studies of different samples of
adolescent migrants. Overall, migrant adolescents showed greater resilience resources than non-migrants and, although the migrants experienced more traumatic events, the
impact of trauma on mental health outcomes was greater in the non-migrants. There is a
need for further research with larger prospective sample sizes to investigate how levels of
resilience and wellbeing vary over time and across countries, and the ways resilience can
be promoted in adolescents exposed to trauma, regardless of migrancy status.
