Abstract:
Species of Didymellaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution and are geographically widespread, occurring in diverse ecosystems. The family includes several
important plant pathogenic fungi associated with fruit, leaf, stem and root diseases on a wide variety of hosts, as well as endophytic, saprobic and clinically relevant
species. The Didymellaceae was recently revised based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of ex-type strains subjected to DNA sequencing of partial gene data
of the LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 loci. Several poly- and paraphyletic genera, including Ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma were redefined, along with the introduction of new
genera. In the present study, a global collection of 1 124 Didymellaceae strains from 92 countries, 121 plant families and 55 other substrates, including air, coral, human
tissues, house dust, fungi, insects, soil, and water were examined via multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and detailed morphological comparisons, representing the
broadest sampling of Didymellaceae to date. Among these, 97 isolates representing seven new genera, 40 new species and 21 new combinations were newly introduced
in Didymellaceae. In addition, six epitypes and six neotypes were designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. A robust, multi-locus reference
phylogenetic tree of Didymellaceae was generated. In addition, rpb2 was revealed as the most effective locus for the identification of Didymellaceae at species level, and
is proposed as a secondary DNA marker for the family.
Description:
Supplementary Fig. S1. Maximum likelihood tree constructed based on concatenated alignment of LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 sequences of 1 127 strains belonging to 346 taxa (including all 947 Didymellaceae strains examined in this study and 180 references strains with partial available sequences from previous studies) representing genera of Didymellaceae. Bootstrap support values above 50 % are shown at the nodes. Strains with special status are indicated with a symbol after the accession number (R: representative; T: ex-type). The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree is rooted to Coniothyrium palmarum CBS 400.71 and Neocucurbitaria aquatica CBS 297.74.
Supplementary Fig. S2. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using the rpb2 sequences of 573 isolates from genera of Didymellaceae. Bootstrap support values above 50 % are shown at the nodes. Strains with special status are indicated with a symbol after the accession number (R: representative; T: ex-type). The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree is rooted to Coniothyrium palmarum culture CBS 400.71, Neocucurbitaria aquatica culture CBS 297.74 and Pleiochaeta setosa cultures CBS 496.63 and CBS 118.25.
Supplementary Table S1. Isolates used in Fig. 1 and Fig. S1, and their GenBank accession numbers. Strains showed in Fig. 1 and newly generated sequences are indicated in bold.
Supplementary Table S1. Isolates used in Fig. 1 and Fig. S1, and their GenBank accession numbers. Strains showed in Fig. 1 and newly generated sequences are indicated in bold.
