The needs and expectations of parents for guidance on healthy food, nutrition and lifestyle behaviour

Abstract

This study forms part of a broader school-based intervention project focused on the promotion of healthy nutrition-related practices, physical health and the socio-emotional functioning of primary school children in resource-constrained communities in South Africa. The initial intervention was offered to Grade 1 to 3 learners at two schools situated in Gauteng. The purpose of the current study is to explore the needs and expectations of the parents whose children have been involved in the broader research project, with regard to the guidance they require on healthy food, nutrition and lifestyle behaviour. As a next phase of the broader project, the findings of my study will inform the development of a parent-guidance intervention for the parents of the learners in the participating schools. I integrated the Parental Involvement Process model and Ecological Systems theory in compiling a conceptual framework that guided me in undertaking my research. I utilised interpretivism as epistemology and followed a qualitative approach. I implemented a case study design utilising Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) principles in generating data with 22 parent participants who were purposively selected. For data generation and documentation, I used PRA-based workshops, observation-as-context-of-interaction, field notes, reflective journaling and audio-visual techniques. Following inductive thematic analysis, four themes and related sub-themes emerged in relation to potential topics for food and nutrition-related guidance; guidance on physical activity and fitness; guidance required for supporting the psycho-social wellbeing of children, and suitable modes of delivery for a parent guidance intervention. Based on the findings of this study, I can conclude that parents from the two communities were motivated to support the health and wellbeing of their children and families; however, some structural and psychological barriers prevented them from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviour and parenting practices. To this end, the parent participants identified specific areas that they require additional support and guidance in, based on their unique life circumstances. Furthermore, parents identified mobile technology as potential suitable way in which guidance can be offered, in combination with parent workshops and information pamphlets.