Carbide-free bainitic steels for rail wheel applications

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dc.contributor.author Kapito, A.
dc.contributor.author Mostert, Roelf Johannes
dc.contributor.author Stumpf, Waldo E.
dc.contributor.author Siyasiya, Charles Witness
dc.date.accessioned 2020-04-21T14:14:19Z
dc.date.available 2020-04-21T14:14:19Z
dc.date.issued 2019-09-09
dc.description.abstract In South Africa, forged wheels for rail cars are imported but cast wheels are manufactured locally, although recent developments indicate that forged wheels will in future be manufactured locally. The forged wheels are generally manufactured from AAR Class C steel, which is a high carbon, pearlitic steel used for rail application. Railway wheels are a costly component of the railway wagon as they experience wear and damage during application. Improvements in the mechanical properties are thus desired. Against this background, a project is reported on the development of durable rail steel alloys for railway wheel applications. Carbide-free bainite is a novel microstructure comprising bainitic ferrite and retained austenite/martensite but without coarse carbides in the interlath positions. The absence of carbides is achieved through the addition of a high silicon (~2wt%) content to the steel. This carbide-free bainite can achieve high tensile strength (>1000MPa) and toughness (40J, 20°C) as well as good wear resistance. These alloys have found application in areas where high strength, toughness and wear resistance are required, such as in rail steels, and have been deemed the “next generation” of rail steels. Carbide-free experimental alloys were produced in the laboratory and tested for mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness. The properties of the laboratory alloys were compared to those of standard Class C alloys used in South Africa to determine their potential use as railway wheel alloys. en_ZA
dc.description.department Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering en_ZA
dc.description.librarian am2020 en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship We would like to thank the following people and organisations, without which this study would not have been possible: the University of Pretoria for providing technical support and academic supervision, Mintek, for technical and financial support, The Department of Science and Technology (DST), Advanced Materials Initiative (AMI)-Ferrous Metals Development Network (FMDN) for their financial support, the Nelson Mandela University, Department of Physics and Centre for HRTEM for transmission kikuchi diffraction (TKD) analysis and the Nuclear Energy Council for South Africa (NECSA) for their neutron diffraction analysis. en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship Mintek, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Advanced Materials Initiative (AMI)-Ferrous Metals Development Network (FMDN). en_ZA
dc.description.uri http://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1757-899X en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation Kapito, A., Mostert, R.J., Stumpf, W.E. et al. 2019, 'Carbide-free bainitic steels for rail wheel applications', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 655, art. 012012, pp. 1-13. en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn 1757-8981 (print)
dc.identifier.issn 1757-899X (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1088/1757-899X/655/1/012012
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74336
dc.language.iso en en_ZA
dc.publisher IOP Publishing en_ZA
dc.rights Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. en_ZA
dc.subject Laboratory alloys en_ZA
dc.subject Forged wheels en_ZA
dc.subject AAR Class C steel en_ZA
dc.subject South Africa (SA) en_ZA
dc.title Carbide-free bainitic steels for rail wheel applications en_ZA
dc.type Article en_ZA


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