Abstract:
This paper describes an overview of the optimal energy coordination/management approaches
for microgrids. The article presents the smart grid environment in conjunction with their technologies into
the applications of a microgrid when the energy coordination aims to create power ow stability between
the generation and consumption of the electricity. This energy equilibrium is made regardless of a power
grid complexity that can contain diverse load demands and distributed energy resources (DERs), including
renewable energy system (RES), energy storage system (ESS), electric vehicle (EV), etc. A microgrid often
contains an energy mix system that requires three control levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary,
to optimize the energy cost and behavior of the system operation and exploitation. Based on several DERs,
a microgrid can operate in island mode or be connected to the main grid. The energy coordination for
both features is to deal with the energy resources uncertainty, the climate impact, to reduce atmospheric
pollution deriving from the conventional power grid, and the energy demand growth. Through the smart grid
technology, the optimization approaches of this coordination have brought several improvements into the
electrical system. Thus, an overview of an intelligent energy management system for microgrid applications
is intensively detailed to structure the implementation strategies which aim to coordinate the energy flow of
an electrical system optimally.
