Variable geometry of African integration and its implication on AfCFTA

Abstract

Variable geometry is an approach in regional integration, which allows member states to be flexibility and choose differentiated speed towards integration. The idea is well known and implemented in the European integration experience. Now, it becomes the establishing principles for the African continental free trade area (AfCFTA), which is the biggest continental initiative to create a customs union and common market in Africa. Since Africa is a big and diverse continent achieving integration with the same speed and similar terms are proofed difficult. So, endorsing variable geometry is not a choice for Africa. It is the most feasible way forward for the continent to achieve its goals of integration. However, the application of variable geometry and flexibility in the present sense will further complicate the already complicated integration experience of the continent. The present variability in the continent lack structure. Integration in the regional and continental level is totally flexible in which countries implement agreement when they want and does not when some obstacle happens. For AfCFTA to work the continental body should find a way to limit the level of geometry in the implementation. The research also recommends that bring onboard all countries in Africa should be the first task for the continental initiative. For the initiative to achieve a lasting effect, it should secure the championship of big economies of the continent.