A guide to apply the Capability Approach in ICT4D based on a systematic literature review

Abstract

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been regarded as having the potential of changing the way people live their lives. Particularly in developing countries, ICTs are believed to be the path to social and economic development. Substantial investments are made into ICT4D (information technology for development) projects because of their perceived value. However, the impact of such projects has been a point of concern for investors and ICT4D scholars. The mainstream perspective has been to measure development in terms of economic growth by looking at gross national product or per capita income. However, this approach is changing as there are increasing calls for a more expanded concept of development. Human-centred approaches to ICT4D measurement are being called for. One such way of evaluating impact that has been gaining attention over recent years is Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach. This approach moves away from the dominant economic growth perspective and focuses on individuals, what they value, and what they are able to choose. While some scholars have developed ways to operationalise the capability approach, there are disparities in how the approach is applied across ICT4D studies. This study, through a systematic literature review, examines how the capability approach has been applied in ICT4D studies. Findings from the literature show the different nuances that can be associated with human development. It also highlights a stark theme in access and use, namely, that access does not mean automatic use and that conversion factors determine use. Furthermore, this paper synthesises the findings into a flowchart that is intended to guide engagement with the capability approach within the field of ICT4D.