Die invloed van geologie op die ontwerp en konstruksie van groter damhe in Suid-Afrika

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dc.contributor.advisor Snyman, C.P.
dc.contributor.coadvisor Savage, P.F.
dc.contributor.postgraduate Van Schalkwyk, Alfonso
dc.date.accessioned 2019-08-22T14:13:55Z
dc.date.available 2019-08-22T14:13:55Z
dc.date.created 1980
dc.date.issued 1980
dc.description Thesis (DSc)--University of Pretoria, 1980. en_ZA
dc.description.abstract Afrikaans: Damme word gebou om water in op te gaar en die invloed van water= druk op sulke strukture vereis dat die geologiese materiale waar= mee en waarop hulle gebou word bevredigend sal funksioneer. Ten einde die invloed van geologiese faktore op die koste en veiligheid van damme in Suid-Afrika te bepaal en die kostevoordeel van geologiese ondersoekwerk te bereken, is daar 'n diepgaande studie van 22 grater damme onderneem. Ter agtergrond vir die studie word beknopte beskrywings gegee van die faktore wat die antwerp en konstruksie van damme kan beinvloed, van die vereistes vir die strukture self en die fondament- en konstruksiemateriale vir verskillende soorte damme, van die oogmerke en metodes van ingenieursgeologiese ondersoeke vir damterreine en van tegnieke om die fondamentmateriale vir damme te verbeter. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekkings wat uit die studie spruit, kan soos volg opgesom word: Geologiese faktore soos gesteeentesoort, struktuur en aardkors= beweging speel belangrike rolle by die vorming van doeltreffende damterreine. Bestaande maatstawwe vir die bepaling van die omvang van ingenieursgeologiese ondersoekwerk is nie toepaslik op groter damme nie e.n 'n nuwe maatstaf, naamlik ondersoekverhouding, is gedefinieer en die waarde daarvan vir elke stadium van ondersoek vir die groter damme in Suid-Afrika is bereken. Ingenieursgeologiese ondersoeke by groter damme in Suid-Afrika was van aansienlike waarde tydens die verkenning- en uitvoerbaar= heidstadia maar by geeneen van die terreine was voldoende inligting vir ontwerpdoeleindes beskikbaar nie. Die faktore, in volgorde van belangrikheid, wat die keuse van 'n damterrein beinvloed is die doeltreffendheid van die damterrein, die geskiktheid van fondamenttoestande, die beskikbaarheid van konstruksiemateriale, omgewingsfaktore en die beskikbaarheid van 'n natuurlike oorloop. Vir die keuse van die soort damwal is die belangrikste faktore die valleivorm, die fondamenttoestande, die vereistes vir 'n oorloopstruktuur, die beskikbaarheid van konstruksiemateriale en 'n aantal ander onbepaalbare faktore. Ten spyte van ingenieursgeologiese ondersoekwerk by al die terreine vir groter damme, het daar aansienlike fondamentprobleme en gepaardgaande stygings in konstruksiekoste by die meeste damme voorgekom. Die optimum ondersoekprogram vir 'n damterrein kan bepaal word met behulp van statistiese metodes waardeur die minimum ondersoek= verhouding vir 'n aanvaarbare waarskynlikheid dat die konstruksie= koste nie met meer as 'n bepaalde persentasie oorskry sal word nie, bereken kan word. Met die uitsondering van twee, beantwoord al die groter damme 1n Suid-Afrika volkome aan bulle doel en deur middel van streng veiligheidsmaatreels word daar verseker dat enige probleme by sulke strukture vroegtydig waargenee~en waar nodig,uit die weg geruim word. en_ZA
dc.description.abstract Dams are constructed with the object of storing water and the effects of hydrostatic pressure on these structures require the satisfactory performance of geological materials upon which and of which they are constructed. In order to assess the influence of geological factors on the cost and safety of dams in South Africa and to determine the cost-benefit ratio of geological investigations, an intensive study of 22 larger dams in South Africa was undertaken. As background for the study, brief descriptions are given of the factors which may influence the design and construction of dams, of the requirements for the structures themselves and the foundation and construction materials for various types of dams, of the objectives and methods of engineering geological investigations for damsites and of techniques for the improve= ment of foundation materials for dams. The most important conclusions resulting from the study can be summarized as follows: Geological factors such as rock type, structure and crustal movements have important effects on the shaping of efficient damsites. Existing methods for the determination of the extent of an engineering geological investigation are not applicable to larger dams and a new measure, termed investigation ratio, is defined and its value for every stage of investigation for the larger dams in South Africa was calculated. Engineering geological investigations at larger dams in South Africa proved to be of substantial value during the stages of reconnaissance and feasibility but at none of the sites suf= ficient information was available for design purposes. The factors, in order of importance, which influence the choice of a specific damsite are the efficiency of the site, the suitability of foundation conditions, the availability of construction materials, environmental factors and the availability of a natural spillway position. The most important factors for the choice of the type of dam are the valley shape, the foundation conditions, the requirements for a spillway, the availability of construction materials and a number of other indeterminate factors. In spite of engineering geological investigations at all the sites for larger dams, considerable foundation problems and associated increases in construction costs were encountered at most of the dams. The optimum investigation programme for a damsite can be deter= mined by means of statistical techniques whereby the minimum investigation ratio for an acceptable probability that construction cost will not exceed a specified percentage,can be calculated. With the exception of two, all the larger darns 1n South Africa com~ly with their requirements and by means of strict safety measures it is ensured that any problems at these structures are detected timeously and corrected where necessary. en_ZA
dc.description.availability Unrestricted en_ZA
dc.description.degree DSc en_ZA
dc.description.department Geology en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation Van Schalkwyk, A 1980, Die invloed van geologie op die ontwerp en konstruksie van groter damhe in Suid-Afrika, DSc Thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71182> en_ZA
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71182
dc.language.iso en en_ZA
dc.publisher University of Pretoria
dc.rights © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria.
dc.subject UCTD en_ZA
dc.title Die invloed van geologie op die ontwerp en konstruksie van groter damhe in Suid-Afrika en_ZA
dc.type Thesis en_ZA


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