'n Maatskaplike ontwikkelingsriglyn vir moeders en kleuters : 'n Gestaltperspektief

Abstract

Die navorsing bet gebandel oor die daarstelling van 'n maatskaplike ontwikkelingsriglyn vir onderontwikkelde moeders en ldeuters. Die motivering hiervoor bet onstaan as gevolg van die gebrek aan vroeekindetjare-ontwikkelingsdienste. Onderontwikkelde moeders en kleuters se bebeer word ontneem as gevolg van omstandighede wat ontwikkeling strem. Die doel van die studie was om 'n maatskaplike ontwikkelingsriglyn daar te stel vir onderon~elde_ moeders en .kleuters _soda! be~sth~id en k~nt~ selfon~ersteuing .en intw.as~e kan plaasvmd. Die maatskaplike ontwikkelingsnglyn ts ontwikkeL maar dte toepassmg word rue in hierdie studie weer gegee nie vanwee beperkte plek. Stellings word geformuleer vir verdere navorsmg. Ontwikkelingsnavorsing en die verkennende antwerp is benut omdat min inligting ten opsigte van die navorsingsprojek bes~baar is. 'n V oorondersoek is uitgevoer om die navosingsopset en uitvoerbaarheid van die studie vooraf te toets. Die gestaltteorie is vervat in die maatskaplike riglyn vir onderontwikkelde moeders en ldeuters. T eoretiese komponente van gestaltterapie is as riglyn tydens die studie benut. Spesifieke gestaltmomente is deurlopend doelbewus toegepas tydens die benutting van die maatskaplike ontwikkelingsriglyn. Keuses word gebied ten opsigte van deelname, aktiwiteite en die gebruik van mediums. Die onderontwikkelde moeder en kleuter se beheer word verboog deur nie-voorskrywend op te tree. Moeders se verantwoordelikheid word verhoog deur die toepas~ing van taaltegnieke. Onvoltooidhede word na die bier -en-nou gebring met behulp van sensoriese stimulasie en onvoltooide sinne. Homeostase (instandhouding van balans en bevrediging van beboeftes) word bewerkstellig deur selfvertroeteling en benutting van 'n veilige plek. Onderontwikkelde moeders en kleuters se mees dringende behoefte word na die figuurgrond gebring met bebulp van sensoriese stimulasie en bewustbeidskontinuumoefeninge. Bewustbeid ten opsigte van emosies en behoeftes word verboog deur middel van toepassing van gestalttegnieke. Polariteite word na die uitdrukking van emosies uit gelig om balans te berstel en integrasie te bevorder.

Research was conducted under formation of a guideline for the development of underdeveloped mothers and toddlers. The motivation for developing such a guideline originated in the absence of services for early childhood development. Circumstances hindering development have the effect of stripping underdeveloped mothers and toddlers of their control. The aim of the guideline was to bring about a sense of awareness and contact, self-support and integration. Owing to restricted space, the application of this guideline is not described here. Assumptions were formulated for further study. Developmental research and the explorative design were utilised as little information on the research project was available. A prelimanary investigation was carried out beforehand to test the research set-up and the feasibility of the study. During the course of the study theoretical components of the gestalt theory were incorporated as guidelines and were purposefully applied throughout the implementation of the guideline. The privilege of choice as regards participation activities and the use of various mediums was allowed. By being non-prescriptive the control of the mothers and toddlers was boosted, so too the responsibility of the mothers through the application of language techniques. Unfinished business was brought to the here and now by means of sensory stimulation and the utilisation of unfinished sentences. By conducting self-pampering and making use of the safe place, homeostasis (i.e. maintenance of balance and gratification of needs) was effectuated. The most urgent need of these underdeveloped mothers and toddlers was brought to the foreground by means of sensory stimulation and awareness continuum exercises. Awareness regarding emotions and needs was heightened by applying gestalt techniques. Once emotions were expressed, polarities were highlighted in order to re-establish balance and enhance integration. A specific therapeutical process, containing the gestalt process, was followed, i.e. building of a therapeutical relationship, sensory stimulation, reinforcement of the sense of the self, emotional expression an termination.