dc.contributor.author |
Cornelius, Steve J.
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dc.date.accessioned |
2016-04-20T06:11:51Z |
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dc.date.available |
2016-04-20T06:11:51Z |
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dc.date.issued |
2015-12 |
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dc.description.abstract |
Sport is sedert die vroegste tye deel van die menslike samelewing en sportbeserings is dan waarskynlik ook vanaf die vroegste tye deel van die mens se bestaan. Die wedywering in antieke sport het dikwels tot ernstige beserings of die dood gelei en atlete was verbruikbare hulpbronne wat in die soeke na glorie opgeoffer kon word. Die ou Romeinse beginsel van volenti non fit iniuria het deur die Middeleeue behoue gebly en vandag ken ons dit as toestemming tot benadeling of aanvaarding van die risiko van benadeling. Atlete beskou pyn as 'n noodsaaklike neweproduk van sport en sportbestuurders maak staat op die selfgedrewenheid van spelers om hulself in die strewe na sukses verby normale menslike vermoëns te dryf. Die howe was aanvanklik, op grond van toestemming tot benadeling of die aanvaarding van die risiko van benadeling, meestal huiwerig om sportfederasies, klubs of spelers vir sportbeserings aanspreeklik te hou. Daarbenewens het sport- en staatsowerhede skynbaar aanvaar dat beserings en sterftes onvermydelik in sport is. 'n Ontleding van die toepaslike beginsels toon egter dat die posisie ten opsigte van aanspreeklikheid weens sportbeserings nie so eenvoudig is nie. Die verweer van toestemming tot benadeling of die risiko van benadeling is problematies in die milieu van sport. Eerstens hou 'n besering, buiten vir die beseerde speler, ook nadelige gevolge in vir ander belanghebbendes, soos afhanklikes, die speler se klub en hulppersoneel wat in die speler se diens is. Toestemming tot benadeling bind slegs die speler en nie ook sulke derde partye nie. Tweedens is toestemming tot benadeling problematies waar kinders aan sport deelneem. Dit is nie duidelik dat deelname aan sport en die meegaande toestemming tot benadeling noodwendig altyd in die beste belang van die betrokke kind is nie. Gevolglik mag 'n hof weier om aanspreeklikheid op hierdie grond uit te sluit waar kinders betrokke is. Derdens word beroepspelers deur hul diensverhouding genoodsaak om die risiko's van sportbeserings te loop en daar kan dus nie gesê word dat toestemming vrylik verleen word nie. Vierdens is dit nie duidelik dat partye wat bloot aan sosiale sport deelneem, asook beginners, noodwendig kan waardeer in welke mate hulle die risiko van besering loop nie. Dit wil voorkom of selfs beroepspelers hierdie aspek van toestemming problematies vind en dit plaas twyfel op die geldigheid van enige toestemming wat inderdaad verleen word. Die toestemming moet vervolgens regtens geoorloof wees. Ten spyte van aanduidings dat die howe selfs opsetlike oortredings van die reëls sal verskoon indien dit tot beserings sou lei, is daar verskeie beleidsgronde wat vereis dat toestemming 'n geldige verweer kan wees slegs indien die dader streng volgens die reëls gespeel het. Een van hierdie gronde is die hoë beseringskoers in sport. Statistiek toon dat die risiko van besering by beroepspelers tot 5 000 maal hoër as by mynwerkers is. Sportfederasies behoort meer te doen om die veiligheid van spelers te bevorder, sodat hulle latere eise van oudspelers kan vermy. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract |
Sport has been an aspect of human society since the earliest times and sports injuries have probably also been part of human existence from the outset. The contests in ancient sports often led to serious injury or death and athletes were viewed as expendable resources that could be sacrificed in the quest for glory. It would seem that this notion of expendable athletes has remained with us throughout the ages.
The old Roman principle of volenti non fit injuria endured through the Middle Ages and today we know it as consent to injury or assumption of the risk of injury. Athletes believe in "no pain, no gain" and regard pain as a necessary by-product of sport. Sports managers rely on the self-motivation of players to push themselves beyond the bounds of normal human endeavour in pursuit of success. Athletes who push on and continue to compete despite excruciating pain are hailed as heroes who put their team or country above their own interests.
In addition, sport and state authorities seem to accept that injuries and deaths are inevitable in sport. Almost every sport can erect its own "war memorial" for fallen athletes who have met their fate while training for or participating in sport. The number of serious injuries are even higher and there are innumerable short-term injuries that result in athletes' sitting out on training sessions. Even in cases where team managers or team crews have pushed athletes to the point of death or compelled racing drivers to compete in unsafe cars, authorities have not taken action against such managers or crews. It would seem that sports federations and clubs can do no wrong. The general message to athletes everywhere seems to be: if you play and get hurt, that is your problem. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Private Law |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2016 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.litnet.co.za/Category/akademies/litnet-akademies |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication/litnet? |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Cornelius, S 2015, 'Wat die drome nie genees nie : kan toestemming tot benadeling steeds aanspreeklikheid weens sportbeserings uitsluit?', LitNet Akademies, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 756-788. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1995-5928 |
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dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52064 |
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dc.language.iso |
Afrikaans |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
LitNet |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
LitNet |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Aanspreeklikheid |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Aanvaarding van risiko |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Atletiek |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Delik |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Formule 1 |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Motorsport |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Sokker |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Sport |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Sportbesering |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Toestemming tot benadeling |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Voetbal |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Assumption of risk |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Athletics |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Consent to injury |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Delict |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Football |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Formula 1 |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Liability |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Motor sport |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Soccer |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Sport |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Sports injuries |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Tort |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Wat die drome nie genees nie : kan toestemming tot benadeling steeds aanspreeklikheid weens sportbeserings uitsluit? |
en_ZA |
dc.title.alternative |
That which cannot be cured by dreams : can consent to injury still exclude liability for sports injuries? |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |