Abstract:
The CYP450 and UGT enzymes are involved in phase I and phase II metabolism of the majority of clinically prescribed drugs, including the
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, efavirenz and nevirapine, used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Variations in the activity of
these enzymes due to gene polymorphisms can affect an individual’s drug response or may lead to adverse drug reactions. There is an
inter-ethnic distribution in the frequency of these polymorphisms, with African populations exhibiting higher genetic diversity compared
to other populations. African specific alleles with clinical relevance have also emerged. Given the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in sub-
Saharan Africa, understanding the frequency of pharmacogen-etically relevant alleles in populations of African origin, and their impact
on efavirenz and nevirapine metabolism, is becoming increasingly critical. This review aims to investigate ethnic variation of CYP2B6,
CYP2A6 and UGT2B7, and to understand the pharmacogenetic relevance when comparing frequencies in African populations to other
populations worldwide.
