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1987 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 54, 1987: Recent submissions

  • The ecology of the African vectors of heartwater, with particular reference to Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum 
    Horak, Ivan Gerard; Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Petney, T.N.; Rechav, Y.; Bigalke, R.D. (Pretoria : Government Printer, 1987)
    The hosts, sites of attachment, life cycle, habitat requirements and seasonal abundance of Amblyomma astrion, Amblyomma cohaerens, Amblyomma gemma, Amblyomma hebraeum, Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma marmoreum, Amblyomma ...
  • The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Walker, Jane B.; Olwage, A.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Twelve species of Amblyomma are presently known to be capable of transmitting Cowdria ruminantium. Of these A. variegatum is the most important and widely distributed vector in Africa. It has also extended its range ...
  • Natural transmission of heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Bezuidenhout, J. Dürr; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Heartwater has been transmitted experimentally by 12 Amblyomma species. Their importance depends on the extent of their distribution, adaptation to domestic stock and their efficacy as vectors. Except for one report of ...
  • Cross-immunity between isolates of Cowdria ruminantium 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Logan, L.L.; Birnie, E.F.; Mebus, C.A.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Cross-immunity studies in goats and mice using 4 isolates of Cowdria ruminantium, 2 from the Republic of South Africa (Kwanyanga and Kümm), 1 from the Republic of Mali (Mali 1), and 1 from Guadeloupe (Garde1), demonstrated ...
  • Specific immunity in mice to heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Stewart, C.G.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Mice develop a specific immune response following infection with the mice strains of heartwater. In the case of the Kümm strain the agent can persist in some tissues for up to 365 days. Transfer of spleen cells from immune ...
  • Specific immunity in farm animals to heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Stewart, C.G.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The duration of immunity to heartwater normally varies from 6 months to 4 years. In Angora goats it may be difficult to produce a specific immune response with vaccination. Humoral immunity does not appear to play a role ...
  • Genetic resistance of Guadeloupe native goats to heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Matheron, G.; Barre, N.; Camus, E.; Gogue, J.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The resistance rate of different populations of the same breed of creole Guadeloupean goats to Cowdria ruiminatium infection varied greatly depending on the previous heartwater history of each population. After experimental ...
  • The pathology of heartwater. III. A review 
    Prozesky, Leon; Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The pathological changes in cattle, sheep, goats, mice and various game species infected with Cowdria ruminantium are summarized. Macroscopical lesions in most animals include effusion of body cavities, oedema of the lungs ...
  • Seasonal abundance of carrion-frequenting blow-flies (Diptera : Calliphoridae) in the Kruger National Park 
    Braack, L.E.O.; De Vos, Valerius; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Monthly population fluctuations of carrion-frequenting blow-flies over a 24-month period were monitored using 2 carrion-baited traps in the southern Kruger National Park (KNP) and 3 in the northern KNP. All species displayed ...
  • The non-specific resistance of cattle to heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Du Plessis, J.L.; Malan, Letitia; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    A distinction is drawn between the non-specific resistance to heartwater of very young calves and that of cattle older than a year. The suckling-calf resistance is at its greatest during the first few weeks after birth and ...
  • The serological relationship between Cowdria ruminantium and certain members of the genus Ehrlichia 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Holland, C.J.; Logan, L.L.; Mebus, C.A.; Ristic, M.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Although Cowdria ruminantium has been classified within the tribe Ehrlichia of the family Rickettsiaceae, there has been no extensive study conducted regarding its antigenic relationship to members of the genus Ehrlichia, ...
  • Heartwater serology : some problems with the interpretation of results 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Du Plessis, J.L.; Camus, E.; Oberem, P.T.; Malan, Letitia; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Antibodies in the sera of domestic ruminants that have been infected with Ehrlichia bovis and other ehrlichial agents cross-react with the Kümm strain of Cowdria ruminantium used in the indirect fluorescent antibody test ...
  • The application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in research on heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Du Plessis, J.L.; Malan, Letitia; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The preparation of the antigen, details of the reagents, the titration of the antispecies conjugates and the execution of the indirect fluorescent antibody test are described. The sensitivity and specificity of the test ...
  • The pathogenesis of heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Du Plessis, J.L.; Malan, Letitia; Kowalski, Z.E.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Hypotheses on the pathogenesis of heartwater, which have been published so far, are briefly reviewed. Attempts were made at counteracting the effects of vaso-active substances released by mast cells by treating mice infected ...
  • Theoretical aspects of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and its use in the detection of Cowdria ruminantium antigen and antibody in reacting animals 
    Neitz, Albert Walter Herman; Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Viljoen, Gerrit Johannes; Vermeulen, N.M.J.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Numerous parameters affect the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay activity and the assay conditions must therefore be carefully controlled to obtain reproducible results. These parameters include temperature, pH, ionic ...
  • Diagnosis of heartwater at post-mortem in ruminants and the confirmation of Cowdria ruminantium in mice 
    Prozesky, Leon; Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Criteria that are required to confirm heartwater in ruminants and mice are discussed. In ruminants it entails the microscopical and macroscopical lesions as well as the identification of Cowdria ruminantium in brain smears ...
  • The use of electro-encephalography and brain biopsy in the clinical diagnosis of heartwater 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Van Amstel, S.R.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    Both electro-encephalography and brain biopsy were examined as possible aids in the confirmation of a clinical diagnosis of heartwater in field cases. Results showed that electro-encephalographic changes associated with ...
  • Heartwater. The artificial transmission of Cowdria ruminantium in domestic ruminants and mice 
    Prozesky, Leon; Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    The artificial transmission of Cowdria ruminantium with infected blood, organ homogenates, peritoneal macrophages, tick stabilate and tissue culture cells is discussed. Organ homogenates prepared from the myocardium, spleen, ...
  • Diagnosis of heartwater in the live animal : experiences with goats in Guadeloupe 
    Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Camus, E.; Barre, N.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    A presumptive diagnosis of heartwater in the living animal can be based on clinical and epidemiologic observations. In Guadeloupe, heartwater can be confused with haemonchosis in goats or cerebral babesiosis in cattle. ...
  • The clinical pathology and pathophysiology of heartwater : a review 
    Guthrie, Alan John; Heartwater : Past, Present and Future. Workshop (1986 : Kruger National Park, South Africa); Van Amstel, S.R.; Reyers, Fred; Oberem, P.T.; Killeen, Valerie M.; Matthee, O.; Bigalke, R.D. (Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria., 1987)
    This paper reviews the available literature on the clinical pathology and pathophysiology of heartwater and makes comparisons with unpublished results obtained from a recent study in experimentally-induced heartwater in ...