East Africa has been experiencing an increase in the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases such as yellow fever (YF) and dengue (DEN). Increasing frequency of YF activity in East Africa constitutes a re-emergence that ...

South Africa (SA) has the highest number of HIV infections worldwide. Acute HIV infection (AHI) refers to the time of virus acquisition until the appearance of HIV-specific antibodies, usually at 3 – 12 weeks. Early (primary) ...

More than 280 000 HIV-exposed infants are born each year in South Africa (SA), all of whom require polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing during early infancy. Failure to diagnose HIV early and initiate combination ...

Large epidemics of poliomyelitis spread across the world in the first half of the 20th century. However, polio incidence fell rapidly across the world following the introduction of the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Since ...

Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide and causes 18% of all deaths in children less than 5 years of age. In order to best understand the full burden of acute respiratory infection in ...

Polioviruses have been around for a long time in man's history. Before the development of killed and live virus vaccines in the 1960's, poliomyelitis was a serious problem in public health. Since then paralytic poliomyelitis ...

Most arbovirus isolations in East Africa have been recorded from mosquitoes but less information is available about tick-borne viruses including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is prevalent in Africa ...

Poor sanitation, unhygienic practices and close living associations between people and animals in rural communities increase the risk of zoonoses and add to faecal contamination of stored drinking water. Point-of-use ...