Abstract:
The history, circumstances, clinical signs, post mortem lesions, morbidity, mortality and
laboratory findings are described in an abortion storm in sheep that occurred in Mpumalanga,
South Africa, associated with infection with Arcobacter skirrowii. Altogether, about 200 Suffolk
Down ewes lost 60 lambs in late pregnancy or at term. Although only three foetuses were
submitted for investigation, two had signs consistent with a diagnosis of A. skirrowii infection
and the organism was isolated from the placentas of both specimens. No abortions had
occurred in previous years, or have subsequently. There were no animal introductions prior
to the outbreak that could have indicated a source of infection. One stillborn lamb submitted
subsequently had lesions consistent with dystocia, and the history and circumstantial evidence
indicated that dystocia had been a factor in several more losses. No ewes or rams had shown
signs of diarrhoea or other diseases associated with A. skirrowii infection. Twenty-two faecal,
preputial and vaginal swab specimens taken from six rams and 13 ewes after the abortion
event were all negative for A. skirrowii. This is the first report of abortions in sheep associated
with A. skirrowii in South Africa. Because the genus Arcobacter is similar to Campylobacter, it
is possible that infection has gone unrecognised in the past. Veterinarians and laboratories
should take note and include this genus in the list of potential abortifacient organisms. The
possible role of Arcobacter species in other diseases like enteritis and mastitis, as well as the
potential role as a zoonosis, must be borne in mind.
